Element 3 Principles of Prevention

Question 1

3 levels of H and S control measures

Answer 1

Workplace precautions
Risk Control Systems
Management Controls

Question 2

8 Principles of Prevention

Answer 2

Avoid risks
Evaluate risks that can't be avoided - RA
Combat risks at source
Adapt work to the individual
Adapt to technical progress
Coherent Overall Prevention Policy
Collective Measures over Individual
Appropriate instructions

Question 3

Hierarchies of control

Answer 3

Engineering > Procedural > Behavioural

Question 4

ISO45001 Hierarchy

Answer 4

ESEAP
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering Controls
Administrative - training, signs, markings, permits etc
PPE

Question 5

ERIC SP

Answer 5

Eliminate
Reduce
Isolate (peoplE0
Control - enineering e.g. LEV
- organisational e.g. job rotation
SSoW - e.g. SOPs, method statements, PTWs
PPE - last resort as accident already happened

Question 6

Key Sources of H and S Info

Answer 6

Internal
Knowlwedge and experience
Accident/illness stats
records of previous reactive and proactive monitoring
Audits and reviews
Other records - training, safety committe etc

External
Legislation
ACoPs
HSE
Product Info
Relevant Standards
Trade associations
Experts/consultants

Question 7

When is a SSoW needed?

Answer 7

When hazards cannot be eliminated and degree of risk remains after control measures introduced

Question 8

Approaches to identifying hazards

JSA (job safety analysis)

Answer 8

Break down tasks and id hazards at each stage

Question 9

Approaches to identifying hazards

MEEP

Answer 9

Materials
Equipement
Environment
People

Question 10

Approaches to identifying hazards

Answer 10

What
Who
Where
How

Question 11

Approaches to identifying hazards

4Ps

Answer 11

Premises
Plant
Procedures
People

Question 12

Confined Spaces SSoW

Answer 12

Find alternative if possible e.g. CCTV
Well supervised
Competent
Good communication
Monitoring atmosphere
Gas purging
Ventilation
Isolation from plant
PPE
Access and egress
Fire
Lighting
Static Electricity
Limited time
PTW
Emergency arrangements

Question 13

Lone Working SSoW

Answer 13

Avoid if possible
method statement
Competence and fitness of worker
Good communications
Emergency procedure

Question 14

Activities requiring PTW

Answer 14

Confined Space
Hot work
Live electrical
Work at height
Specialist maintenance

Question 15

Key features of a PTW

Answer 15

should ensure authorisation of work
location and nature of work
methos statement
limits on work - and time
id hazards and precautions
prominently displayed
provide record of continuous control
safe hand back

Question 16

Key stages of a PTW

Answer 16

Issue
Acceptance
Handback
Cancellation

Additionalprocedures required for extension or shift handover

Question 17

4 criteria for PPE

Answer 17

Apt for the risks and conditions
Apt for ergonomic needs and health of wearer
Fit correctly
Effective in controlling risk

Question 18

PPE is a last resort because…

Answer 18

doesn't prevent accident
only protects wearer
relies on correct use
may impede movement, visibility, comms
may only be effective for a limited time or in certain circumstances
danger if it fails
requires regular inspection/maintenance

Question 19

When should PPE be used?

Answer 19

short term activity where no other control feasible
supplement to other measures
temporary measure
certain maintenance procedures e.g. cleaning LEV

Question 20

PPE General duties

Answer 20

examination/testing
cleaning
repair
replacement
safe storage
Info and training
report if lost or defective

Question 21

PPE Head protection

Answer 21

crash helmets, safety helmets, caps and hair nets

Question 22

PPE Eye protection
Specs
Goggles
Face shields

Answer 22

Mechanical - flying debris
Chemical/Biological - splashes, fumes
Radiation - IR, laser, glare, UV

Question 23

PPE Body protection

Answer 23

jackets, trousers, aprons, labcoats, warm clothes, cuffed clothing

Question 24

PPE Gloves and gauntlets

Answer 24

cuts, hot and cold handling, punctures etc

Question 25

PPE Foot protection

Answer 25

Impact, comprression, slip resistant, hot, cold, anti-static etc

Question 26

2 types of RPE

Answer 26

Respirators - filter out contaminats | BA - provides breathable air from clean source

Question 27

Respirators

Answer 27

Simple filtering - dust masks up toones with exchangable cartridges Power assisted - filtering and positive airflow to breathing zone prevents ingress of contaminated air

Question 28

BA, 3 types

Answer 28

Air hose - simple pipe to clean air, lung powered Air line - powered supply from compressor Self contained open circuit or closed

Question 29

Safety signs general

Answer 29

Required if a risk not adequately controlled if it can help Not a substitute for controls Need a pictogram, can't rely on text

Question 30

Safety Signs Meanings

Answer 30

``` Red - Prohibition Yellow - warning Blue- mandatory Green - Safe condition (emergency exits, first aid etc Red - Fire fighting equipment ```

Question 31

Emergency Procedures

Answer 31

``` Procedure in place Competent people No access to danger areas if untrained Part of RA Prior contact with emergency services ```

Question 32

What is First Aid

Answer 32

preserving life, minimising consequences of injury until help arrives treatment of minor injuries

Question 33

What determines First Aid needs?

Answer 33

Nature of work and workplace hazards and risks Size of organisation Nature of workforce e.g. young, trainees, pregnant History of accidents Lone workers Work patterns Distribution of workers (multiple buildings) Remoteness of site from medical services Shared sites Covering leave and sickness of first aiders Non employees

Question 34

First Aid appointed person

Answer 34

where first aider deemed uneccessary. looks after equipment, call em services