Elements of the movement system & impaired mobility

Question 1

what are the 4 goals of therapeutic exercise intervention ?

Answer 1

• Remediate or prevent impairments
• Improve, restore or enhance physical function
• Prevent or reduce health-related risk factors
• Optimize overall health status, fitness or sense of well-being

Question 2

what is considered for dosage

Answer 2

Intensity
Speed
Frequency 
Duration 
Environmental 
Sequences

Question 3

What is considered for activity

Answer 3

Posture
Mode
Movement

Question 4

What are the elements of the movement system?

Answer 4

Support
Base 
Modulator 
Biomechanical
Cognitive/ Affective

Question 5

What is under support

Answer 5

Cardio-vascualr, pulmonary, metabolic

Question 6

What is under base

Answer 6

Integumentary
Musculoskeletal
Nervous system

Question 7

What is under modular

Answer 7

Neuromuscular

Question 8

What is under biomechanical

Answer 8

Kinetics

Kinematics

Question 9

What is under cognitive or affective

Answer 9

Psychological

Emotional

Question 10

considerations for dosage

Answer 10

• Pt./client goals
• Anatomical site involved
• Physiological status of all the systems including the tissue(s) involved
• Pt/client learning capability and affect

Question 11

Parameters of dosage

Answer 11

• type of contraction
• Intensity
• Speed
• Duration
• Frequency
• Sequencing
• Environment
• Feedback

Question 12

Causes of impaired Mobility

Answer 12

• trauma
• Surgery
• Joint diseases
• Neuromuscular disorders
• Congenital abnormalities

Question 13

Effects of impaired mobility

Answer 13

• dysfunction
• Contractures
• Adhesions
• Reflex muscle guarding
• Intrinsic muscle spasm
• Muscle weakness

Question 14

Physiological effects of immobilization of muscle

Answer 14

loss of muscle mass/ atrophy or strength .

Question 15

Muscle strength is lost more during immobilization due to?

Answer 15

neuro activity

Question 16

Slow twitch fibers

Answer 16

More efficient at using oxygen that fast twitch,

allows for longer muscle contraction over a longer time

Question 17

What muscle group has a lot of slow twitch fibers?

Answer 17

spinal muscles

Question 18

Position of immobilization in shorten position

Answer 18

lost of sarcomere; muscle stiffness

Question 19

Position of immobilization in lengthened position

Answer 19

increase in sarcomere reorganization of connective tissue. adapt to new length

Question 20

physiological effect of immobilization of the tendon

Answer 20

collagen: disorganized
Fiber orientation
Decrease in size, # and strength

Question 21

Immobilization has a physiological effect on what?

Answer 21

• muscle
• tendon
• ligament
• Bone
• Articular cartilage

Question 22

physiological effect of immobilization of the ligament causes what?

Answer 22

collagen degradation (lose strength)

Question 23

physiological effect of immobilization of the bone

Answer 23

mineral loss (non weight bearing)

Question 24

physiological effect of immobilization of the articular cartilage

Answer 24

Potential for irreversible joint damage

Question 25

Range of motion

Answer 25

the amount of angular motion allows at a joint between any two boney levers

Question 26

PROM

Answer 26

movement of a joint entirely by external fore, no voluntary actions

Question 27

what is the purpose of passive range of motion

Answer 27

- assessment of joint and soft tissue - Patient instruction for a desire motion - Preparation for stretching

Question 28

What can PROM do when active movement is not possible

Answer 28

- Prevent joint contractures - assist circulation - decrease or inhibit pain

Question 29

how can PROM prevent joint contractures?

Answer 29

- Maintain soft tissue integrity | - Maintain joint integrity; enhance synovial movement & cartilage nutrition

Question 30

3 limitations of PROM

Answer 30

-will not prevent atrophy, will not increase strength, will not promote weight lost

Question 31

benefits of continuous passive motion

Answer 31

- prevent adhesions, stiffness - increase synovial fluid lubricaiton - Quicker return of ROM

Question 32

AROM

Answer 32

produced by an active contraction of a muscle crossing the joint

Question 33

AAROM

Answer 33

assistance is provided by outside force

Question 34

AAROM assistance can be

Answer 34

mechanically or manually

Question 35

Benefits of AROM/AAROM

Answer 35

- Increase strength & muscular endurance - Provide a stimulus for bone & joint tissue integrity - Assist with increasing cardiopulm endurance - Provide sensory feedback - Increase circulation & help prevent thrombus formation

Question 36

Limitations for AROM/AAROM

Answer 36

- for strong muscles, will not maintain or increase strength - Will not develop skill or coordination except in movement pattern performed

Question 37

Precautions & contraindications

Answer 37

- avoid disruption to the healing process (ROM at fx site) - Evidence to support early PROM within a pain-free range, but stay within the range, speed and tolerance of pt - Careful monitoring HR BP of patients after MI CABG or other cardiac conditions