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Therapeutic Exercise > Exercise Modes for Strength > Flashcards

Exercise Modes for Strength Flashcards

1
Q

fiber types

A

Type I
Type IIA
Type IIB/X

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2
Q

type I fiber type

A

slow twitch oxidative

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3
Q

Type IIA fiber

A

fast twitch oxidative

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4
Q

smallest fiber diameter is what type of oxidative

A

slow

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5
Q

intermediate fiber diameter is what type of oxidative

A

fast

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6
Q

largest fiber diameter

A

fast glycolytic

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7
Q

what type of muscle size is recruited 1st

A

slow oxidative

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8
Q

what type of muscle size is recruited 2nd

A

fast oxidative

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9
Q

what type of muscle size is recruited 3rd

A

fast glycolytic

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10
Q

factors of muscle performance

A
  • fiber type
  • fiber diameter
  • recruitment
  • muscle size
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11
Q

during hypertrophy there is an increase in what

A
  • cross-sectional area (CSA)

- Force production

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12
Q

hyperplasia is

A

new, additional fibers

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13
Q

fiber type in the untrained

A

50 type II /50 type I

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14
Q

fiber type in long distance runner

A

60-70% type I

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15
Q

Fiber types in sprinters

A

80% type II

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16
Q

there is evidence of muscle fiber type shift of what muscle fiber types

A

Type IIX to Type IIA and vice versa

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17
Q

what are principles of muscle performance

A
  • force velocity relationship
  • length-tension relationship
  • architecture
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18
Q

with the force-velocity relationship, during small loads muscles do what

A

increase speed of shortening

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19
Q

with the force-velocity relationship, during high loads muscles do what

A

slows the speed of shortening

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20
Q

with length-tension relationship, a muscle’s capacity to produce force depends on what?

A

-length, with max force near the muscles resting length

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21
Q

Muscle performance Architecture is

A

the arrangement of muscle fibers relative to the axis of force generation

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22
Q

when the architecture of the sarcomeres are in series it produces

A

velocity

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23
Q

when the architecture of the sarcomeres in parallel it produces

A

high force

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24
Q

what influences muscle fatigue

A

CNS

cross bridges

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25
Q

what is neurologic recruitment & adaptation responsible for

A

early increases in strength

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26
Q

neurologic recruitment & adaptation include

A
  • agonist
  • synergists
  • antagonist
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27
Q

what are modifiers of muscle performance

A
  • age
  • psychological & cognitive factors
  • mental preparatin
  • drugs
  • fatigue
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28
Q

how is childhood and preadolescent modify muscle performance

A

neuromuscular adaptation

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29
Q

women muscle peak at what age

A

20

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30
Q

men muscle peaks at what age

A

30

31
Q

strength declines what percent / year

A

1%

32
Q

Strength declines what percent at 60 & 70, then how much per decade

A

15–20% then 3-% per decade

33
Q

what are psychological & cognitive factors that modify muscle performance

A
  • fear
  • depression
  • attention
  • feedback
  • motivation
34
Q

what drugs modify muscle performance

A
  • alcohol
  • corticosteriods
  • Anabolic steroids
35
Q

what factors effect fatigue on muscle performance

A

health status, diet, lifestyle, medications, environment, (muscle & cardiopulm)

36
Q

isometric exercise

A

A muscle contracts without change in the length of the muscle and without joint motion

37
Q

muscle-setting isometric exercise

A

low intensity, isometric contraction performed against little to no resistance

38
Q

stabilization exercises (isometric exercise)

A

used to develop a sub-maximal but sustained level co-contraction

39
Q

multiple-angle isometrics

A

a system of isometric exercise where resistance is applied, at multiple joint positions within available ROM

40
Q

Resisted isometrics

A

performed against manual or mechanical resistance to develop muscular strength when joint movement is painful or contraindicated

41
Q

Indications for isometric

A
  • minimize atrophy when joint movement is not possible
  • promote neuromuscular control of muscle activity, while protecting soft tissue(s) or joint
  • develop postural or joint stability
  • develop static muscle strength at specific ranges associated with specific tasks
  • improve muscle strength when dynamic resistance exercise is not recommended
42
Q

principles of isometric exercise

A
  • most effective when pt is in an acute or early stage of recovery and training
  • able to generate 60-100% of max voluntary muscle action
  • strength will only at joint angle where the exercise is performed with overflow to 10 deg in each direction
  • apply resistance at every 20 deg throughout the allowable ROM
43
Q

precautions for isometric exercise

A
  • apply and release resistance gradually

- avoid valsalva maneuver

44
Q

how to avoid valsalva maneuver for isometric exercises

A
  • carefully monitor person with thoracic or abdominal surgery, CVD, CVA
  • have pt. count, talk or breath rhythmically
45
Q

expiratory effort against a closed glottis results in what

A

a dramatic increase in BP

46
Q

brief repetitive isometric exercise recommendation

A

6 sec contraction followed by 20 sec rest x 20 reps

47
Q

what is isokinetic exercise

A

exercise in which movement occurs at a constant speed

48
Q

during isokinetic exercise the speed of the limb movement is

A

manipulated, not the load

49
Q

during isokinetic exercise the muscle generates a max force at

A

all points of the range of motion

50
Q

isokinetic exercise is what type of training

A

reciprocal

51
Q

accommodation of isokinetic

A

fatigue and painful or weak arc

52
Q

limitations of isokinetic

A

large, expensive equipment, time consuming set up, single plane of motion

53
Q

Isotonic

A

exercise which the muscle’s tension remains unchanged with joint movement (equal tensions )

54
Q

resistive Exercise

A

ant form of active exercise in which a muscle contraction is resisted by an outside force

55
Q

resistive Exercise can be used to increase what?

A

strength, power, muscular endurance

56
Q

for strength, the load should exceed the muscle’s

A

metabolic capacity

57
Q

what is manipulated more than force

A

speed

58
Q

equation for power

A

work (forcexdistance)/ time

59
Q

endurance

A

ability of muscle to contract repeatedly against resistance and sustain tension

60
Q

what are the benefits of resistance exercise

A
  • increase strength of connective tissue
  • greater bone density
  • decrease stress on joints, reduce risk of injury
  • enhance physical performance
  • improve body composition
61
Q

what do you have to consider for resistance exercise

A

pt status and goals

62
Q

what are considerations when thinking about the pt status

A
  • Health (diagnosis, co-morbidities, medication)
  • stage of recovery
  • age
63
Q

what are considerations you want to consider when thinking about pt goals

A
  • strength
  • muscular endurance
  • cardiopulmonary fitness
  • function
64
Q

the load cannot be greater than what?

A

the muscle can control at its weakest point in the ROM

65
Q

when do you want to revise the site or amount of resistance?

A
  • pt cannot complete desirable ROM
  • application site is painful
  • muscle tremors
  • pt substitutes
66
Q

its a good ideal to inform the pt about what prior to exercise

A

reps and sets

67
Q

contraindications to resistance training

A
  • unavoidable pain
  • acute inflammation
  • severe cardiopulmonary disease
68
Q

considerations for determining exercise load

A
  • what is the pt/ client medical history and current status
  • what is the irritability and current stage of healing of the involved tissue
  • what impairments in muscle performance have been identified?
  • what are impairments may affect performance
  • what are the pt/client goals or desired functional outcomes
69
Q

repetition max (RM)

A

the greatest amount of weight a person can move through the full ROM

70
Q

training can be initiated with the % of the RM ranging form what percentages

A

30-80%

71
Q

Delorme Technique

A

progressive exercise program

determine the 10 RM

72
Q

Oxford Technique

A

addresses fatigue

determine the 10 RM

73
Q

DAPRE Technique

A

used for athletes and fit pts. includes as many as possible reps for sets 3 and 4

Therapeutic Exercise (6 decks)

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