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Therapeutic Exercise > Stretching > Flashcards

Stretching Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Flexibility

A

ability to move through an unrestricted, pain-free ROM

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2
Q

Flexibility includes

A

extensibility, arthrokinematics, deformation

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3
Q

Stretching

A

any therapeutic maneuver used to lengthen soft tissue structure & thereby increase ROM

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4
Q

Stretching includes

A

passive, active/dynamic, active inhibition, selective stretching

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5
Q

soft tissue fibers include

A

collagen, elastin, reticulin, ground substance

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6
Q

collagen

A

responsible for strength & stiffness

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7
Q

Elastin

A

provides extensibility

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8
Q

reticulin

A

provides bulk

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9
Q

Ground substance

A

reduces friction between fibers

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10
Q

soft connective tissue include

A

tendons, ligaments, joint capsule, fascia, skin

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11
Q

tendon fibers are

A

parallel

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12
Q

ligaments fibers

A

vary between parallel & random

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13
Q

joint capsule fibers

A

vary between parallel & random

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14
Q

Fascia fibers

A

vary between parallel and random

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15
Q

Skin fiber

A

are random

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16
Q

properties of connective tissue

A

elasticity & plasticity

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17
Q

Elasticity

A

the ability to return to resting length

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18
Q

Plasticity

A

ability to assume a new & greater length

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19
Q

muscles are primarily what type of tissue

A

contractile

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20
Q

Muscles attach to what and interwoven with ?

A

attached to tendon & interwoven with (fascia) non-contractile tissue

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21
Q

what is the primary source of resistance to passive elongation of muscle

A

non-contractile components of muscle

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22
Q

what are the mechanical response to stretch

A
  • lengthening occurs in the elastic component of the muscle & tension rises
  • When stretch is released, the sarcomere return to their resting length (elasticity)
  • after a point, mechanical disruption of the cross bridges with lengthening of the sarcomeres
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23
Q

what happens during a quick stretch

A
  • muscle spindle triggers a m monosynaptic stretch reflex
  • stim of alpha motor neurons
  • contraction of the extrafusal muscle fibers
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24
Q

what happens during a slow stretch

A
  • GTO fires & inhibits alpha motor neurons
  • tension decreases
  • sacromeres and muscle lengthen
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25
what are the mechanical properties of non-contractile tissue
material strength stress strain
26
Material strength of non contractile tissue
the ability to resist a load or stress
27
Stress of non contractile tissue
The force per unit area.
28
mechanical stress
internal reaction or resistance to an external load
29
examples of stress
tension compression shear
30
strain
the amt. of deformation that occurs when a load (stress) is applied
31
factors affecting stress strain response
- immobilzation, inactivity - age - corticosteroids - Prior injury - Other conditions
32
immobilization, inactivity causes weakening of tissues by
collagen turnover, weak bonding
33
immobilization, inactivity causes adhesion formation by
greater cross-linking & diminished effectiveness of ground substance
34
How does age affect stress-strain response
- decrease in max tensile strength - decrease in elastin - decrease in rate of adaptation to stress
35
what are indications to stretching
- limited joint ROM, restricted motion - Adhesions, contractures, scars - muscle weakness with shortening of opposing tissue
36
Contraindications/ precautions for stretching
- bony block - recent fx, union is incomplete - inflammtion, infection, hematoma - sharp/acute pain - shortened tissue provides stability to allows function - hypermobility
37
effects of stretching
- injury prevention | - muscle function
38
the lower the intensity of stretch
the longer it is tolerated and the longer the CT can be held in a lengthened position
39
Longer total duration of passive stretch yield
longer lasting decreases in muscle -tendon stiffness
40
how long do you hold duration stretches to improve flexibility
30 s
41
permanent stretch-induced gains can only be achieved by
maintaining a stretching program and/or using the new ROM in functional activities
42
application of passive stretching
- stretching should be preceded by some low intensity active exercise or therapeutic heat - patient should be as relaxed as possible
43
factors to be controlled by passive stretching
- direction - intensity - duration - speed
44
Dynamic stretching uses?
speed of movement, momentum and active muscular effort to bring about a stretch
45
when do some therapist use dynamic stretching
warm up
46
low load prolonged stretch (LLPS)
low intensity external force (5-15 lbs or 5-10% BW) usually with equipment
47
Duration of LLPS
at least 20 minutes
48
Examples of LLPS
splinting, serial casting, weighted traction or pulleys, positioning
49
Advantages of LLPS
time management, patient comfort
50
Disadvantages of LLPS
skin breakdown, requires frequent reassessment of joint & soft tissue, imposes mobility restrictions
51
Ballistic stretching
- high potential for rupturing weak structures - increased susceptibility to microtrauma - facilitation of increased muscle tension & stretch reflex
52
cycle (intermittent) stretching
short duration stretch applied slowly and gradually, released and reapplied
53
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitano (PNF) stretching
an active muscle stretching approach that uses the principles of autogenic and reciprocal inhibition to promote muscle length
54
PNF stretching Techniques
- Hold relax - contract relax - agonist contraction - hold relax - agonist contraction
55
hold relax
End-range isometric contraction of the muscle to be passively lengthened
56
What is the hypothesis of hold relax
contraction will cause the muscle to relax thru "autogenic inhibition"
57
contract relax
end range isotonic contraction of the muscle to be passively lengthen
58
agonist contraction
isotonic contraction of the muscle opposite the tight muscle, against resistance
59
hypothesis to agonist contraction
reciprocal inhibition of the tight muscle
60
when is agonist contraction effective
when tight muscle is painful,
61
when is agonist contraction least effective
when pt has close to normal ROM
62
Hold relax with agonist contraction
isometric contraction of the tight muscle, followed by concentric, isotonic contraction of the muscle opposite the tight muscle
63
how to improve function with stretching
- use gain in ROM during functional activities - stretch induced gains can be maintained through routine stretching - strengthen muscle that have been stretched

Therapeutic Exercise (6 decks)

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