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History > Elizabeth I > Flashcards

Elizabeth I Flashcards

1
Q

Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis

A
  • 1559
  • France would retain Calais for 8 years
  • If France failed to return Calais, they would pay £125,000
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2
Q

English intervention in Scotland in support of the Lords of Congregation

A
  • 1559-60
  • Cecil sympathized with Protestants and wanted to ensure survival of Protestantism
  • Navy sent to the Firth of Forth to stop French landing
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3
Q

What does the English intervention in Scotland, in support of the Lords of Congregation, demonstrate about foreign policy

A

Demonstrates how foreign policy can be influenced by both religion and the influence of an individual (Cecil)

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4
Q

Treaty of Edinburgh

A
  • 1560
  • England and France agreed to withdraw all land and naval forces from Scotland
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5
Q

What was Elizabeths motive for the Treaty of Edinburgh

A

To replace Auld Alliance with new Anglo-Scottish-French accord

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6
Q

Treaty of Hampton Court

A
  • 1562
  • Promised 6000 men and a £30,000 loan to Huguenots
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7
Q

Treaty of Troyes

A
  • 1564
  • English and French governments
  • Unfavourable due to betrayal by French Huguenots
  • Indemnity of Cateau-Cambresis
  • France paid 120,000 crowns for Calais
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8
Q

Short term and long term impact of Treaty of Troyes

A
  1. Short term: Blow to Elizabeths prestige and she became cautious in supporting Protestant causes in Europe
  2. Long term: Advantageous as Calais was expensive to maintain
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9
Q

Elizabeth steals from Spanish

A
  • 1568
  • Steals 400,000 florins from Spanish vessel on South coast of England
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10
Q

Treaty of Blois

A
  • 1572
  • Mutual defence treaty with France
  • Both promised to help if other country was attacked
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11
Q

Elizabeth expelling Sea Beggars

A
  • 1572
  • Forced to land in Dutch port of Brielle
  • Sparked full-scale rebellion against Spanish
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12
Q

St Bartholomew’s Day massacre

A
  • 1572
  • Thousands of Huguenots killed in Paris
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13
Q

Trade embargo with Spain lifted

A

1574

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14
Q

Pacification of Ghent

A
  • 1576
  • Spanish troops went on murdering rampage in Antwerp
  • Called for expulsion of all foreign troops in Netherlands
  • United 17 Dutch provinces against Spanish
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15
Q

Elizabeth first direct intervention with Netherlands

A
  • 1576
  • Leicester pushing for intervention
  • Sends a loan of £100,000 to Dutch Estates-General
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16
Q

Don John of Austria begins reconquest of Netherlands

A
  • 1577
  • Elizabeth demands Philip recalls Don John
  • She sends mercenaries to support rebels
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17
Q

Union of Utrecht & Union of Arras

A
  • 1579
  • Utrech: Unites 7 Northern Netherland provinces against Spanish rule
  • Arras: Unites Southern catholic provinces
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18
Q

Why was the Union of Utrecht and the Union of Arras concerning for Elizabeth

A
  • Two seperate entities emerged in Netherlands
  • Spanish made peace with Union of Arras
  • So Duke of Parma could begin reconquest of Northern Netherlands
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19
Q

Duke of Parma conquers most of Northern Netherlands

A

1580

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20
Q

Spain annex Portugal

A

1580

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21
Q

Duke of Anjou and William of Orange killed

A
  • 1584
  • Anjou’s death leaves Henry of Navarre (Protestant) heir to French throne
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22
Q

Treaty of Joinville

A
  • 1584
  • Phillip II agreed to finance Catholic League in France
  • Phillip no longer had motive to prevent him supporting MQS
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23
Q

Treaty of Nonsuch

A
  • 1585
  • Elizabeth and Dutch Protestant rebels
  • 7000 English soldiers sent to Netherlands
  • Militaristic and political disaster
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24
Q

Why did the intervention in the Netherlands after the Treaty of Nonsuch fail

A

Troops badly and irregularly paid and alienated the Dutch

25
Q

Leicester ordered home

A
  • 1586
  • He resigns his command in 1588
26
Q

Treaty of Berwick

A
  • 1586
  • Elizabeth and James VI
  • Mutual defence treaty guarantees James a pension of £4000 per annum
27
Q

Spanish ships destroyed by Drake

A
  • 1587
  • Drake attacked Spanish vessels at Cadiz
  • Significantly delayed Armada
28
Q

Spanish Armada

A
  • 1588
  • Defeated by the English Navy off the coast of Gravelines
29
Q

Madre de Dois

A
  • Captured 1592
  • Treasure ship worth £140,000
30
Q

Expedition to Portgual

A
  • 1589
  • Overambitious plan and lack of resources led to failure
31
Q

Failed plundering expedition in the West Indies

A
  • 1595
  • Never reached main target of Panama
  • Drake and Hawkins both died
32
Q

Capture of Cadiz by Hawkins

A
  • 1596
  • Shortlived as Cadiz was looted and vacated
33
Q

Lord Burghley

A

William Cecil

34
Q

Earl of Leicester

A

Robert Dudley

35
Q

Earl of Essex

A

Robert Devereux

36
Q

1st parliament

A
  • 1559
  • Restoration of Royal Supremacy
  • Initially challenged by Puritan choir who wanted a Calvinist Church
37
Q

Council disagreement about MQS

A
  • 1562
  • Council disagree with Elizabeth over her wish to meet MQS
  • She does not go
38
Q

2nd parliament

A
  • 1563-67
  • To grant money
  • Commons petitioned Elizabeth to marry and name a successor
  • Elizabeth forbid discussion of marriage and succession
39
Q

Act for Maintaining Tillage

A
  • 1563
  • To stop conversion of arable to pasture
  • To prevent displacement of rural labour
40
Q

Act for the Maintainance of the Navy

A
  • 1563
  • To expand food supply after a series of good harvests
41
Q

3rd parliament

A
  • 1571
  • Council pushed for execution of MQS after Ridolfi plot
  • Duke of Norfolk executed
  • Elizabeth refused to execute MQS
42
Q

Vagabonds Act

A
  • 1572
  • To punish vagrants and help the poor
  • Penalties introduced against vagrants
  • JPs to raise a poor rate for the poor
43
Q

4th parliament

A
  • 1572-81
  • Parliament called for execution of MQS
  • Elizabeth refused
  • 1576: Commons imprisoned MP Peter Wentworth for infringement of royal perogative
44
Q

Council divided over military assistance to Netherlands

A
  • 1578
  • Leicester and Walsingham urging intervention
  • Burghley counselling against it
  • Elizabeth intervenes 7 years later
45
Q

Council discuss marriage to Anjou

A
  • 1579-81
  • Leicester and Walsingham create public hostility towards marriage
  • Elizabeth threatens to create four new Catholic councillors
  • Rejects Alencon as her people are against the marriage
46
Q

Act to Retain the Queen’s Subjects in their Due Obedience

A
  • 1581
  • Treasonable to withdraw allegiance to Queen or Church of England
  • Saying ‘mass’ became punishable by heavy fine
47
Q

Parliament refuse Puritan Bill and Book

A
  • 5th Parliament
  • 1584-85
  • Refused to hear Peter Turners bill to change prayer book
48
Q

Northern Rebellion

A
  • 1569
  • Leicester involved in plot
  • 5700 rebels
  • Ordered execution of 700 rebels
  • Norfolk executed in 1572
49
Q

Northern rebellion aims

A
  • 1569
  • To secure MQS’ succession to English throne through marriage to Norfolk
  • Restore Catholicism - Westmorland resented radical Protestants in key posts in Durham
  • Remove Cecil’s influence
50
Q

Act of Supremacy

A
  • 1559
  • Papal supremacy rejected
  • Gave legislative authority to crown for issues regarding the church
  • ‘Supreme Governor’ - concession to Catholic belief - St Paul’s misogynistic attitudes to women
51
Q

Act of Uniformity

A
  • 1559
  • Specified use of a single Book of Common Prayer
  • To restore a single form of worship
52
Q

Royal Injunctions

A
  • 1559
  • Emphasised suppression of catholic practices: pilgrimages
  • Parish church’s required to have English Bible
  • Implemented Act of Uniformity parish level
53
Q

Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion

A
  • 1563
  • To define faith of Elizabethan Church
  • Article 17 emphasises importance of predestination, linking to Calvinist doctrine
54
Q

How many Bishops were deprived of their posts

A
  • 2000 - 1/4 of total
  • Refused Oath of Supremacy due to ‘Supreme Head’
55
Q

Vestment controversy

A
  • 1566
  • Archbishop Parker issued Advertisements - rules on ‘supersitious’ clerical dress
  • 37 London clergymen refused and were deprived of posts
56
Q

Clergy oppostion to Thirty-Nine articles

A
  • 1571
  • Clergy deprived of posts for refusing to subscribe to 39 articles and prayer book
57
Q

Puritan threat from Parliament

A
  • 1571:
  • William Strickland proposed bill to reform Book of Common Prayer
  • Privy Council prevented him from attending Commons
  • 1584:
  • Peter Turner proposed Bill for ‘Genevan’ prayer book
  • Parliament refused to read bill
58
Q

How was the Act of Uniformity controversial

A
  • 1559
  • Stated ‘ornaments of the Church’ should be those in place before Act of Uniformity in 1549
  • Many clergy saw ‘ornaments’ as ‘Popish’ therefore objected the enforcement

History (32 decks)

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