Important FR

Question 1

How many regional parlements were there in France and what could they do?

Answer 1

13 regional parlements
Ratify royal legislation

Question 2

What was the tithe?

Answer 2

Tax paid to the church of 10% of income

Question 3

How much of the population did the Second Estate make up and how much land did they own

Answer 3

Less than 1% of the population
Between 1/4 and 1/3 of the land

Question 4

What was meant by the King ruling ‘by the law’

Answer 4

Upholding Christian morality
Respecting rights and privileges of his subjects

Question 5

Growth of Salons from 1700 to 1785

Answer 5

1700 - 3 salons
1785 - 80 salons

Question 6

When was the Seven Years’ War and what was its estimated cost?

Answer 6

1756-63
Around 1.8 billion livres

Question 7

When was Necker appointed as Director General of Finances and what successful reforms did he introduce

Answer 7

1777
Reduced number of tax farmers from 60 to 40
Removed vingtieme on industry

Question 8

Revolt of the Nobles and political breakdown

Answer 8

May-August 1788
Provincial parlements flooded royal court with remonstrances
Paris Parlement led cries to end lettres de cachet

Question 9

Estates-General

Answer 9

5th May 1789
1200 representatives gathered at Versailles

Question 10

National Assembly

Answer 10

17th June 1789
Third estate refused to meet separately
Voted 490-90 to call themselves ‘National Assembly’

Question 11

What did the National Assembly claim

Answer 11

To represent the French nation
Have right tom decide taxation

Question 12

Tennis Court Oath

Answer 12

20th June 1789
Members of National Assembly swore oath
‘To never disband until France had a new constitution’

Question 13

Why were tensions high in Paris on 11th July 1789

Answer 13

Nearly 30,000 troops in and round Paris
Popular necker dismissed confirmed fears that King was preventing reform
Poor harvest = bread prices highest since 1715

Question 14

Storming of Bastille

Answer 14

14th July 1789
8000 Sans-Culottes armed themselves with muskets
Descended on Bastille for gunpowder
De Launey murdered
93 killed

Question 15

The Great Fear

Answer 15

17th July 1789
Rumours of disorder in Paris spread to Countryside
Peasants refused to pay taxes
Armed and destroyed masters records of obligations

Question 16

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

Answer 16

26th August 1789
Derived from Enlightenment principles
All citizens equal
Conceding these measures went strongly against King’s belief of Divine Right

Question 17

Religious changes (4 changes)

Answer 17

1789
Pluralism abolished
Annates ended
Tithe and don gratuit abolished
Church property nationalised

Question 18

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

Answer 18

12th July 1790
Reduced bishoprics from 135 to 85
Clergy paid by state
Bishops and priests to be elected

Question 19

Administrative reforms

Answer 19

• February 1790
• France divided into 83 departements
• Each departement had an elected council

Question 20

Champ de Mars massacre

Answer 20

July 1791
6000 people
Lafayette and National Guards sent to ensure order
Guards fired directly on crowds
Killing 50

Question 21

Decleration of Pillnitz

Answer 21

27th August 1791
Stated that:
* Situation of French King was ‘common interest’ to all nations
* Power of French crown should be restored
* They were ready to use force to restore power

Question 22

Evidence for noble emigre threat

Answer 22

By 1791 60% of all pre-revolutionary army officers were among noble emigre armies

Question 23

Journee of 20 June 1792

Answer 23

8000 sans-culottes and some National Guards
Marched to Tuileries palace
Demanding Louis withdraw vetoes and reinstate pro-war ministers

Question 24

Brunswick Manifesto

Answer 24

Arrived in Paris 1 August 1792
Written by Duke of Brunswick
Warned any National Guardsman captured by the Austrians would be killed
Paris would suffer vengeance if King was harmed

Question 25

Journee of 10 August 1792

Answer 25

20,000 armed sans-culottes and 2000 federes and National Guards
Marched to Tuileries palace
Many National Guards defected
Palace set on fire and 1000 sans-culottes and federes were killed or wounded
Nearly all Swiss Guard killed

Question 26

September Massacres

Answer 26

2nd September 1792
Federe and sans-culottes
1500 prisoners murdered in Paris

Question 27

How many in the convention voted Louis guilty and for death without conditions

Answer 27

693 voted guilty (none against)
361 for death without conditions

Question 28

How did Louis’ execution demonstrate Jaconbin influence in National Convention

Answer 28

Girondins less inclined to support death penalty
Jacobins wanted Louis executed

Question 29

Dumouriez defects to Austrians

Answer 29

April 1793
Commander of Army of the North

Question 30

War of the First Coalition

Answer 30

March 1793
Against Austria, Prussia, Great Britain
French driven out of Austria Netherlands
Attacks mounted on France

Question 31

The rising in the Vendee

Answer 31

March 1793
Protesting against levy for 300,000 men
Massacre of local officials
Convention sent 100,000 men to destroy the uprising

Question 32

Committee of General Security (CGS)

Answer 32

Established October 1792
Responsible for policing and administering justice
Reduced from 30 deputies to 12 at beginning of 1793

Question 33

Revolutionary tribunal

Answer 33

Established March 1793
To try counter-revolutionaries
5 judges
Jurymen from Paris

Question 34

Committee of Public Safety (CGS)

Answer 34

April 1793
9 men
Responsible for conduct of war and application of revolutionary laws

Question 35

Fall of Girondins

Answer 35

June 1793
100,000 sans-culottes and National Guards
Assembled around convention
29 Girondin members expelled

Question 36

Levee en masse

Answer 36

August 1793
CPS
All men between 18-25 to give immediate military service
Women to ‘make tents and service in hospitals’

Question 37

Law of Suspects

Answer 37

September 1793
Nobles, relatives of emigres and hoarders of goods all defined as suspects

Question 38

How did the Law of suspects lead to an increase in the numbers brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal

Answer 38

Between March and September 1793 : 260 cases heard
Between September and December 1793 : 500,000 cases heard

Question 39

What % of executions during the inital phase of Terror were from the nobility and clergy

Answer 39

9% from nobility
7% from clergy

Question 40

Rising of Germinal

Answer 40

April 1795
10,000 sans-culottes invaded convention
Demanding ‘Bread and constitution of 1793’
Convention placed Paris under martial law

Question 41

Rising of Prairial

Answer 41

May 1795
20,000 sans-culottes invaded Convention
Demanding better supply of food and constitution of 1793
40,000 soldiers called to dispel crowds