Napoleon army and conquest Flashcards
1
Q
French victories over Austria 1800
A
- Austria defeated at:
- Marengo
- Hohenlinden
2
Q
Treaty of Luneville
A
- 1801
- Austria forced into treaty by French victories
- France allowed to keep all former gains
- Austria lost all lands in Italy
3
Q
The Peace of Amiens
A
- 1802
- France agreed to leave United Provinces
- Britain to return West Indies
- Britain declared war again in 1803
4
Q
French victories 1805
A
- Defeated Austrians at Ulm capturing 50,000 troops
- Defeated Austro-Russian force at Austerlitz
5
Q
Napoleon defeats Prussians
A
- 1806
- Prussians completely crushed at Jena and Auerstadt
6
Q
Napoleon annexes Papal States in Italy
A
- 1808
- Napoleon ordered occupation of Rome
- Diplomatic relations with Pope were broken
- Strengthened Napoleons continental system
7
Q
How were Napoleon’s armies key to his success
A
- Promotion by merit increased pool of talented officers
- Advancements in weaponry: lighter field artillery
- Corps lived off land so were flexible and manoeuvrable
8
Q
What was Napoleon’s army known as
A
Grande Armeé (from 1805)
9
Q
How was Napoleon’s military leadership key to his success
A
- Was head of state, head of government and commander-in-chief - gave him complete knowledge of campaigns
- Supreme confidence and readiness to abandon pre-prepared ideas
- Employed well-planned mobility strategies
10
Q
How was the weaknesses of France’s enemies key to Napoleon’s success
A
- Generals appointed due to status rather than military competence
- Using massed ranks that moved slowly across the countryside
- Frances victories demoralised enemies
11
Q
Extent of Napoleon’s empire
A
- By 1810 had 130 departements and a population of 44 million
- Ruled Spain, Kingdom of Holland, Kingdom of Italy and Kingdom of Naples
12
Q
Problems of Empire
A
- Costs of administration outweighed revenue provided
- French army more loyal than satellite state soldiers
- Imposed alien culture and gave rise to patriotic movements to destroy the empire
13
Q
Value of Empire
A
- Contributed to French income through taxation and forced loans
- Source of patronage
14
Q
How was Napoleon outnumbered at Austerlitz
A
90,000 Austro-Russian force to 68,000 French
15
Q
Positives of Peninsular War
A
- 1807: Franco-Spanish force took Lisbon
- 1808: Forced abdication of Charles and Ferdinand
- 1808: Napoleon entered Madrid with 80,000 troops
