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History > Important evidence (Tudors) > Flashcards

Important evidence (Tudors) Flashcards

1
Q

Treaty of Medina del Campo

A

1489
Spain and England
Agreed not to harbour rebels or pretenders
The treaty arranged a marriage between Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon

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2
Q

Treaty of Etaples

A

1492
Peace settlement between England and France
Charles withdrew support for Perkin Warbeck and paid a pension to Henry

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3
Q

Trade Embargo with Burgundy

A

1493

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4
Q

Intercursus Magnus

A

1496
England and Burgundy
End the trade embargo

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5
Q

Treaty of Ayton

A

1497
England and Scotland
Immediate truce after Cornish rebellion
Led to James IV ending support for Warbeck

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6
Q

Treaty of Windsor

A

1506
England, Spain and Burgundy
Intercursus Malus
Earl of Suffolk returned to England
Proposed marriage between Henry and Philip’s sister, Margaret

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7
Q

Acts of Attainder

A

1485-87
56 Acts passed
Noble families lost right to inherit land
Could financially ruin families
Were reversible

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8
Q

7th Parliament

A

1504
Granted Henry only £40,000 instead of £90,000

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9
Q

How did Henry VII reward the nobility

A

Patronage: Earl of Oxford became major land owner in East Anglia
37 Knights of Garter created

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10
Q

Battle of Stoke Field

A

1487
Lambert Simnel (claiming to be Earl of Warwick) and Earl of Lincoln (leader of Yorkist party)
Margaret of Burgundy supplied 2000 mercenaries
Henry’s 12,000 men defeat 8000 rebel army
Earl of Lincoln killed in battle

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10
Q

Yorkshire rebellion

A

1489
Sparked by resentment over tax granted by parliament
Rebels murdered Earl of Northumberland

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11
Q

Cornish rebellion

A

1497
15,000 rebels marched to Blackheath
Easily suppressed
Led to Treaty of Ayton

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12
Q

Cloth trade (Henry VII)

A

90% of export revenues
60% increase in the volume of cloth exports

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13
Q

Example of a noble who was financially ruined after illegally retaining

A

1506
Lord Burgavenny
Fined £70,000

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14
Q

Renewal of Treaty of Etaples

A

1510
England and France
To seek continuation of peace with France

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15
Q

Battle of Spurs

A

1513
Captured Therouanne and Tournai
Nothing more than a little Skirmish but claimed as a ‘stunning victory

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16
Q

Battle of Flodden

A

1513
James IV killed leaving throne in hands of infant James V
Henry did not capitalise on fragile position of Scottish throne

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17
Q

How were Henry’s military adventures of 1513 unsuccessful

A

Henry was forced to liquidate assets inherited from his father to finance it
Renegotiated French pension was lost
Tournai sold back to France for a price less than the English had paid to repair defences after the initial siege

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18
Q

Treaty of Cambrai

A

1517
HRE and France establish peace
Caused England to be dangerously isolated in Europe

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19
Q

Field of Cloth of Gold

A

1520
Cost Henry £15,000
Extravagant diplomatic encounter
Achieved little diplomatically
Contradicted by Treaty of Bruges

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20
Q

Treaty of Bruges

A

1521
England and HRE
To improve Henrys relations with Pope who wanted reduced French control over Italy
To get a marriage alliance between Emperor and Henry’s daughter, Mary

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21
Q

Outcome of Treaty of Bruges

A

English armies invaded northern France in 1522 and 1523
Charles cancelled the marriage agreement with Mary

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22
Q

Treaty of Amiens

A

1527
England and France
An anti-imperial alliance was made
To strengthen England’s weak position

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23
Q

Battle of Solway Moss

A

1542
Scots heavily defeated
James V died shortly after - leaving 1 week old Mary as heir

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24
Q

How was the success of Solway Moss limited

A

Neglected opportunity to secure policy through military force

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25
Q

Battle of Ancrum Moor

A

1545
Francis I sent troops to Scotland to reinforce a possible invasion of England
English defeated

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26
Q

Outcome of Battle of Ancrum Moor

A

French failed to recapture Boulogne
Invasion of Northern England never materialised
Peace agreed in 1546

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27
Q

How much money did Henry spend on French campaigns from 1509-1525, and then by the end of his reign?

A

1509-1525: £1.4 million
£3.5 million

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28
Q

Enclosures Act

A

1515
188 prosecutions
Abandoned in 1523 as a compromise for subsidy

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29
Q

Reform of Star Chamber

A

1516
Designed to challenge corruption and abuse of power of Nobility
1685 cases
10x number under Henry VII

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30
Q

Fourth parliament (Henry VIII)

A

1523
Granted Wolsey £150,000
£800,000 was requested

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31
Q

Resistance to amicable grant

A

1525
Additional tax Wolsey demanded
To fund Henry’s war in France
10,000 resisted payment in Essex/Suffolk
Abandoned by Henry

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32
Q

Eltham Ordinances

A

1526
Privy chamber cut from 12 to 6
Groom of stool removed
Money saved of little significance
Wolsey strengthened his position of influence

33
Q

Court of Chancery

A

Wolsey heard 7526 cases
Improved access to justice for the poor

34
Q

Act Annexing First Fruits and Tenths

A

1534
The annates paid by a bishop to the pope now were paid to the king
To increase the financial burdens on the clergy

35
Q

Act of Supremacy

A

1534
Gave legislative force to royal supremacy
Made Henry Supreme Head of the Church in England
To establish royal supremacy

36
Q

Law in Wales Act

A

1536
Divided Wales into shire counties
Shires had direct representation in the House of Commons
To bring Wales under English control

37
Q

Council of North reformed

A

1537
Responsible for maintenance of law and order
Increased power of Henry and North starts to feel power of Crown more directly

38
Q

War against France financial cost vs financial gain

A

Cost: £3,400,000
Gained: £730,000

39
Q

What were the motives behind the Pilgrimage of Grace

A

Dissolution of Monasteries:

Loss of charitable and educational functions

Fear that North would be impoverished by land falling to Southerners

40
Q

Pilgrimage of Grace

A

1536

10,000 rebels took York

Overall 30,000 men including clergy, nobility and commoners

Risings in Northumberland and Durham

Henry falsely promised to restore monasteries

Leading to disperse of rebels

41
Q

Significance of Pilgrimage of Grace

A

Large number of participation

Geographically widespread across North

Participation of numerous social classes

42
Q

Act of Ten Articles

A

1536

Catholic ‘Seven Sacraments’ rejected

Left only baptism, Eucharist and penance

Clear move towards protestantism

43
Q

Act of Dissolution of Lesser Monastries

A

1536

Smaller monasteries worth under £200 were closed down

44
Q

The King’s Book

A

1543

Revised Bishop’s Book

Defended transubstantiation and Six Articles

Written by Henry himself

45
Q

Act of Six Articles

A

1539

Confirmed:
Transubstantiation
Private Masses

Banned:
Taking communion in both kinds

Radical shift towards Catholicism

46
Q

Chantries dissolution

A

1547

Allowed for dissolution of chantries

Worth £600,000

47
Q

Anne Askew

A

1545

Burned for denying transubstantiation

Evidence of Henry’s commitment to parts of Catholicism

48
Q

What happened to grain prices under Henry VIII

A

Doubled

Between 1510-1530

Increased farming income

49
Q

How did 2 specific towns economically suffer under Henry VIII

A

1/2 Coventry and 1/3 Yarmouth

Recorded as having no personal wealth

50
Q

What % of people lived off land and subsistence farming under Henry VIII

A

90%

51
Q

Policy of garrisoning in Scotland

A

1547

25 garrisons established

Poorly defended garrisons were useless when 10,000 French troops invaded in 1548

52
Q

Battle of Pinkie

A

1547

Henry II sent 4000 troops to Scotland

Somerset launched an invasion of Scotland

Decisive English victory

53
Q

MQS taken to France

A

1548

Garrisons failed to intervene

Removed most important reason for English presence in Scotland

54
Q

How much did Somerset spend on garrisoning

A

£351,000

55
Q

Treaty of Boulogne

A

1550

France paid £133,333 for Boulogne

French agreed to remove all their remaining men from Scotland

56
Q

Significance of Boulogne

A

Militarily and strategically useless

Humiliating abandonment of Henry VIII’s triumph

Expensive to maintain

57
Q

Vagrancy Act

A

1547
Able bodied persons who were out of work for 3 days
Branded with V and sold into slavery for 2 years
To clamp down on increasing poor and disorder

58
Q

Enclosure commission established

A

1548
Proclamations issued enforcing all statutes against enclosure for grazing

59
Q

Coup against Somerset

A

1549
2500 troops for conservatives
Somerset surrendered and was imprisoned

60
Q

Motives of coup against Somerset

A

He had alienated many councillors due to his high-handed management
Leading catholic Earl: Arundel and Southampton opposed to religious reforms

61
Q

Western rebellion motives

A
  • Demanded reintroduction of Catholicism
  • Unfamiliarity of new protestant practices
  • Peasants resented sheep tax
62
Q

How many people were killed during the Western rebellion 1549

A

3000

63
Q

Chantries Act

A

1547
Led to Chantries dissolved
Destroyed the key Catholic practice of connecting with the dead
Chantries worth £600,000

64
Q

Royal Injunctions

A

1547
Attacked features of catholicism: lights, images
Services had to be conducted in English
Reflected radical attitudes in government

65
Q

Book of Common Prayer

A

1549
Written by Cramner
Included: Transubstantiation and communion of both kinds
Services in English
No prayers for dead

66
Q

Second Book of Common Prayer

A

1552
More radical
Removed traces of mass
Reform of communion - wafer replaced by bread
Altars replaced by Communion tables

67
Q

Example of how the Second Book of Common Prayer was highly protestant

A

Clearly established a Eucharist ceremony in line with Calvin’s belief in ‘spiritual presence’

68
Q

Marriage of Mary & Philip

A

1554
Phillip had no royal power in England
Increased xenophobia

69
Q

English defeat in France (Mary)

A

1558
2000 English defeated by 27,000 French troops
Calais lost

70
Q

Evidence of existence of catholicism

A

In 1553
Alters rebuilt in Melton Mowbray
Mass held in Bishopsgate

71
Q

First statute of repeal

A

1553
Undid Edwardian reformation
Revived mass and belief in transubstantiation

72
Q

Heresy Laws

A

1554
Defined many as heretics
Promised monastic lands would not be restored to Church ownership
To root out heretics

73
Q

Second Act of Repeal

A

1554
Undid all anti-papal legislation since 1529
Therefore undid Henrician reformation

74
Q

Third Act of Repeal

A

1555
Mary gives up title of Supreme Head of Church of England
Revoke royal supremacy

75
Q

Wyatt’s rebellion motives

A

Xenophobia to Philip
Decline of cloth industry in Kent

76
Q

Wyatt’s rebellion

A

Sir Thomas Wyatt raised 2500 armed men
Reached Ludgate, 1/2 a km from Queen
90 rebels executed

77
Q

Insignificance of Wyatt’s rebellion

A

Little support from common people - political conspiracy among elites

78
Q

Disease during Mary’s reign

A

Disease epidemic killed 5-25% of population

79
Q

Streamlined Council (Henry VIII)

A

1536
20/70 councillors conducted daily business of government

80
Q

How many noble families payed bonds and recognizances to Henry

A

36/62 noble families

History (32 decks)

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