elizabeth i Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
what year was she born
A
1533
2
Q
who took her under their wing when she was youn
A
catherine parr
3
Q
what act legitmised her
A
the succession act, 1544
4
Q
who sexually abused her
A
thomas seymour
5
Q
what happened to thomas seymour and why
A
following the death of catherine parr, he encouraged rumors that he was intending to marry the princess
his brother - somerset - saw this as a threat that he was trying to steal power and had him executed
6
Q
what early rebellion attempted to put e on the throne
A
wyatts
7
Q
e role in wyatt rebellion
A
none!
8
Q
what happened to e following wyatt rebellion
A
she was taken to the tower of london and was held there for 2 months and THEN was placed in house of oxfordshire where she was essentially under house arrest until the end of mary’s reign
9
Q
how did e exert her opinion on catholicism during marys reign
A
she didn’t! she remained quiet and learnt to keep her true thoughts in - reflected in later life also
10
Q
describe her character
A
- quick temper
- charming
- royal education
- focused on appearance
- good judge of character
11
Q
problems facing e in 1558
A
- what members should the PRIVY COUNCIL consist of?
- RELIGIOUS SETTLEMENT
- unrest in Ireland
- French troops in Scotland
- finances of crown
- war with France
12
Q
state of england in 1558
A
mostly weak
13
Q
how old was elizabeth when she came to power
A
25
14
Q
main aims
A
- consolidate her position
- settle religious issues
- end war with france
15
Q
how did e immediately consolidate her power
A
- coronation in janaury
- marys councillors accepted the succession
- role of william cecil
- royal procession
- proclaimed queen in the november before coronation
16
Q
when was e coronated
A
january 1559
17
Q
what did e do in her first royal progress that was positive
A
she was open in her demeanour which pleased crowds who welcomed her in her procession
18
Q
why was marriage important for e specifically (before succession crisis)
A
she was already 25 and there was discomfort at a sole woman ruler
19
Q
pros and cons of foreign marriage
A
pros
- good diplomacy
- could maintain good relations with many if she led them on
cons
- acting as a pawn for them
- conflict with other countries
20
Q
pros and cons of english marriage
A
pros
- more trusted - english priorities
cons
- accused of picking favourites
21
Q
what other question did e have to consider for marriage other than foreign/noble
A
what religion to marry?
22
Q
foreign marriage candidates
A
- phillip ii of spain
- archduke ferdinand
- archduke charles
- prince eric of sweden
23
Q
english marriage candidates
A
- earl of arundel
- sir william pickering
- robert dudley
24
Q
why would marrying phillip of spain be a positive
A
married to mary so political continuity and stability AND she wanted to work with spain to prevent french influence, especially that operating through MQoS
25
which out of archduke ferdinand and charles was the credible one to marry and WHY
charles - f was a hardline catholic, c had connections to habsburgs so was a possibility
26
how did e treat archduke charles
strung him along for connections to habsburgs
27
why was prince eric of sweden a potential candidate for marriage but also why not
he was protestant and the heir to the swedish throne, she benefitted from his gifts but his position was not influential enough
28
why was sir william pickering not a good english candidate for marriage
nothing much to be gained politically
29
who was the most serious english contender for marriage
robert dudley
30
by what year was there a romance between e and dudley
1560
31
why couldn't e marry dudley
dudley's wife found dead at bottom of stairs under suspicious circumstances in september 1560 and so bad reputation meant unable to marry
32
who encouraged rumours that dudley killed his wife and why
cecil - because he wanted to use e as a diplomatic tool in europe and didn't want to lessen his own role in government if dudley and e did marry
33
what year was the succession crisis
1562
34
what did e contract in succession crisis
smallpox
35
who looked likely to succeed e in succession crisis and why was this bad
MQoS - it could spark civil war
36
who were contenders for the succession
- MQoS
- margaret
- sisters of LJG (catherine and mary)
- james vi, son of MQoS
37
who did succeed e
james vi, son of MQoS
38
at what age did e die
70
39
what years was the religious settlement between
1558-63
40
explain the direction the country swayed in terms of religion during e reign
it is not clear which way the publics belief swayed! it is evident that protestantism had swept through europe in the decades prior and england had embraced this in henry viii's and edward vi's reign however mary had transformed the country into having catholic fundamentals again so there was a lot of religious turmoil. however, many did not agree with it! (particularly the north of england). most people weren't decidedly one or the other. for instance, many disagreed with the taxes being sent to rome however enjoyed the sacraments and services the church offered.
41
e's only religious position
similar to the people being somewhat in the middle. it is fair to argue she was mostly protestant however there were elements of catholicism she enjoyed.
42
what did she want to prevent with her religious settlement
wars being fought over religion as seen across europe
43
whos views did e have to consider when forming her religious settlement
government, her own views, parliament, spain, france, scotland
44
evidence of e being catholic (2)
1 - forbade priests from elevating the host
2 - furious when Dean of St Pauls cathedral presented her copy of prayer book containing illustrations
45
what parts of catholicism did e like (2)
1 - the ornaments - crucifix, candles, music
2 - believed that priests should devote their lives to god and not marry!
46
what two factors should be considered when discussing if mary was pushed into the religious settlement or not
own agenda v foreign and domestic restrictions
47
what was the first attempt to enforce the religious settlement and why did it fail
january 1559 parliament - bills wrecked by catholic bishops appointed under mary and catholic noblemen in house of lords
48
what specifically did catholics disagree with in 1559 parliament
objected to bringing back the 1552 prayer book
49
how did influences abroad influence religious settlement (2)
1 - signing of peace of cateau-cambresis between france and spain ending their fighting and ending english military action against france
2 - government-sponsored debate betwene prot and catholic clergy where cath bishops mistakenly suggest did not accept e's authority so she could imprison them
THIS AND PRESSURE GAVE MAJORITY OF ONE VOTE TO PASS LEGISLATION THROUGH PARLIAMENT
50
what 6 religious legislations did e pass first
1559 - act of supremacy
1559 - royal injunctions
1559 - prayer book
1559 - act of uniformity
1559 - act of exchange
1563 - 39 articles
51
what did the 1559 act of supremacy do
repealed papal supremacy and marian heresy laws from marys reign, reinstated h8 religious legislation, made queen supreme governer and demanded oath of supremacy
52
why was 'governer' chosen to describe e position in CoE
acceptable to both sides - wasn't claiming to be god's representative, just running the church
53
what did the 1559 act of uniformity do
demanded everyone should go to church once a week or pay 12 pence and established use of new book of common prayer
54
what did the 1559 royal injunctions do
instructions on how the church was to be ran that came from the queen herself
55
examples of protestant instructions in royal injunction 1559 but what also did they do
- communion had to be sat at a simple table rather than an ornate altar
- all parishes were required to purchase an english bible
but some of them also aimed to persuade people to avoid confrontation and argument about religion
56
what was the 1559 prayer book similar to
the 1552 prayer book that edward established
57
how did e format the 1559 prayer book and give ex
changes made were ambiguous on issues such as clerical vestments and transubstantiation EG eucharist wording balance between 1549 and 1552 versions
58
what did the 1559 act of exchange do
reduced wealth of bishops mainly by taking land off them and taxes that were paid to rome were now paid to elizabeth
59
what did the 39 articles state
position of new CoE - rejected transubstantiation, clerical celibacy and purgatory BUT some catholic ideas about the trinity
60
what religious tension could be seen in which countries in what years that e wanted to avoid
hre - 1550s
france - 1560s
61
what was the reaction of both catholics and protestants to religious settlement
limited
62
how many clergy did not accept the religious settlement and what was the consequence
around 400, they lost or resigned their things
63
what was useful about catholic bishops not accepting the religious settlement and resigning
they were appointed by mary, now e could make new appointments who were enthusiastic about her reforms
64
what opposition was stronger at home than that of the bishops
localised opposition
65
evidence of localised opposition to the religious settlement (2)
1 - some ministers ignored book of common prayer
2 - only 1/2 jps could be relied on to enforce the settlement and penalties
66
alt. goals of act of exchange other than for religious purposes
- build up royal coffers again following mary's war with france and events with scotland
- keep bishops under control and force to follow settlement
67
what countries would be upset by a protestant settlement and general reaction of them
france and spain however neither were very critical
68
why were france and spain not very critical of religious settlement
france - caught up in civil war
spain - phillip ii prepared to give e benefit of the doubt, he - and the pope - didnt see the change as permanent as so much religious turmoil
69
what did phillip ii do to attempt to restore catholicism
offer to marry e
70
who had died the same day as mary and why was this positive
cardinal pole, marys chief advisor - it gave e the freedom to choose councillors
71
evidence for elizabeth following her own agenda in religious settlement
- making new appointments of bishops that were pro-reform
- took taxes being paid to Rome
- act of uniformity largely reflected e's own religious beliefs
72
evidence for the religious settlement being a result of foreign and domestic restrictions
- opposition to the book of common prayer, sticking to traditional catholic worship
- 1/2 jps relied on to support settlement
- phillip offered to support settlement
- MQoS and Francis ii marriage alliance
- council of trent confirmed catholic opposition to protestant countries
- e needed to keep trade going with netherlands (controlled by phillip)
73
what treaty ended the french war
treaty of cateau-cambresis
74
when was the treaty of cateau-cambresis
april 1559
75
terms of cateau-cambresis
- france would retain calais for 8 years, after this france would pay england 500,000 crowns or return it
76
when did francis ii become king
june 1559
77
who was francis ii married to
MQoS
78
what did francis ii do with scotland once becoming king
sent troops to garrison scottish fortresses
79
name protestants in scotland who opposed francis and troops
john knox! and lords of the congregation
80
who encouraged e to send support to john knox in edinburgh
cecil
81
why did cecil want to intervene in scotland
he wanted to secure england's borders and weaken the influence of MQoS
82
how did england support john knox in scotland
sent money and armaments, after dec 1559 they became more directly involved, and there was an eventual withdrawl in march 1560
83
what ended conflict in scotland
the treaty of edinburgh in july 1560
84
what was outlined in treaty of edinburgh
protestant scottish government
85
when did francis ii die
dec 1560
86
whose authority did mary have to accept after francis ii died
political and religious power of john knox and lords of congregation
87
what size and kind of privy council did e want
smaller than marys, consisting of those that had been loyal to the tudor dynasty
88
how many of marys councillors were reappointed and give example
11/30 - marquess of winchester as treasurer since 1550
89
how many new privy councillors and ex of new privy councillor
9 - william cecil
90
what did e suffer from medically
fainting, headaches, toothaches, short-sightedness
91
how many royal progresses did e go on
at least 25
92
what was the purpose of a royal progress
to meet her subjects and show the human face of the monarchy - accompanied by much spectacle and entertainment
93
