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GCSE 🏋🏾‍♂️ > Elizabethan Period > Flashcards

Elizabethan Period Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Elizabethan period ?

A

1558 - 88

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2
Q

What was the structure of the Elizabethan government in 1558 ?

A

The monarch
Privy council - parliament , judges , central law courts
Mayors
Lords lieutenant - sheriffs

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3
Q

Who were Courtiers ?

A

People who lived in , or near the same palace or house as the monarch . Mainly members of the nobility and servants .

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4
Q

Who were the courtiers ?

A

People who lived in , or near the same palace or house as the monarch . Mainly members of the nobility and servants .

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5
Q

Who were part of the privy council ?

A

Approximately 19 leading courtiers , advisors

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6
Q

What was made up of Parliament ?

A

House of lords and house of commons

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7
Q

Who were the Lord’s lieutenant’s ?

A

One for each county chosen by the monarch , members of nobility and sometimes were on the privy council

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8
Q

Who were the justice of peace ?

A

Large landowners , kept law and order in their areas . Unpaid role but a position of status .

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9
Q

What was the social hierarchy of Elizabethan England ?

A

Nobility
Gentry
Yeomen
Tenant farmers
Landless or labouring poor
Vagrants or homeless

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10
Q

What was the social heirachy in towns ?

A

Merchants
Professionals - lawyers ,clergy , doctors and teachers
Business owners and skilled craftsmen
Unskilled workers and unemployed

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11
Q

When did Elizabeth become queen ?

A

1558

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12
Q

What were the problems facing Elizabeth when she became queen ?

A

Elizabeth was young and inexperienced
Elizabeth’s government needed money
Their was a religious divide in England , Catholics and protestants
Elizabeths legitimacy was in doubt as the Pope had refused to recognise her mothers marriage to Henry the 8th . She was born out of wedlock
Elizabeth was unmarried and many felt because she was a woman she wasn’t able to rule

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13
Q

What was the middle way ?

A

In religion , both Catholics and protestants could be happy and could accept

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14
Q

What were the acts made in Elizabeth’s Religious settlement ?

A

Act of supremacy and act of uniformity

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15
Q

What was the act of supremacy ?

A

A law that made Elizabeth the supreme governor of England

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16
Q

What was the act of uniformity ?

A

A law passed to outline how religion should look like and be practised in church

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17
Q

What were the royal injunctions ?

A

Instructions issued to reinforce the supremacy and uniformity

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18
Q

What did the catholics want in the religious settlement ?

A

. They could still believe in communion turning into body and blood
. Images were allowed in churches

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19
Q

What did the protestants want out of the religious settlement ?

A

. Bible / prayer books in english
. Control of the pope ended

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20
Q

Who were puritans ?

A

Strong protestants

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21
Q

What did the Pope instruct Catholics to do in England ?

A

To not attend church services . Many of the English nobility in the North England were recusants . This led to the revolt of the northern earls

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22
Q

What were recusants ?

A

Catholics refused to go to Elizabethan church services

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23
Q

Give six things about Roman catholicism ?

A

. The Pope is the head of the church
. The Bibles and church services should be in Latin
. The Church can forgive sins
. There are seven sacraments
. Priests are forbidden to marry
. Churches should be highly decorated

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24
Q

Give six things about protestantism ?

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A

. There should not be a Pope
. The Bible and church services should be in your own language
. Sins can only be forgiven by God
. There are only two sacraments
. Priests are permitted to marry
. Churches should be plain

25
What was Elizabeth's problem with Mary , Queen of scots ?
Many catholics saw Mary queen of Scots as the legitimate monarch . This is because she was Elizabeth's second cousin and had a direct link to the throne , she was also born inside of wedlock . Mary arrived in England in 1568 after the protestant Scottish nobles revolted after the suspicious death of her husband .
26
What were Elizabeth's options with Mary ?
. Help Mary to regain the throne . Hand Mary over to the Scottish lords . Allow Mary to go abroad . Keep Mary in England
27
What were the three plots against Elizabeth ?
Ridolfi , throckmorton and babington
28
When was the Ridolfi plot ?
1571
29
Who and what was the Ridolfi plot ?
Robert Ridolfi , one of the Popes spies . His plans was to murder Elizabeth , Spanish invasion and Mary queen of Scots on the throne .
30
What were the events of the Ridolfi plot ?
Ridolfi , Philip II and Duke of Alba plan invasion with the help of Duke of Norfolk . William Cecil intercepted the letter - Norfolk executed and Mary spared .
31
What were the results of the Ridolfi plot ?
Plot reinforced threat posed by Mary and Spain . Elizabeth tried to improve relations with France .
32
When was the Throckmorton plot ?
1583
33
Who and what was the Throckmorton plot ?
Duke of Guise , Mary's cousin , to invade and overthrow Elizabeth . Francis Throckmorton acted as a go - between .
34
What were the events of the Throckmorton plot ?
Walsingham uncovered the plot . Papers found at Throckmortons house and he was tortured and executed in 1584 .
35
What were the results of the Throckmorton plot ?
Again reinforced threat from Spain and Mary . List of catholics sympathises concerned Elizabeth. . More harsher laws against catholics .
36
When was the Babington plot ?
1586
37
Who and what was the Babington plot ?
Duke of Guise would again invade , Catholics encouraged to invade and overthrow Elizabeth . Francis Throckmorton acted as a go between
38
What were the events within the Babington plot ?
Walsingham intercepted the letters . Babington and accomplices executed . Elizabeth's government became determined to crush catholicism . Mary finally tried by the privy council and sentenced to death .
39
Why was Mary queen of Scots executed ?
. Act for the preservation of the Queen's safety - stated that , in the event of Elizabeth's assassination Mary queen of Scots was to be barred from succession . Allowed her to be put on trial . . Walsingham had provided clear evidence that she was involved in plotting against Elizabeth . Rumours of an imminent attack from Spain reinforced the threat that Mary posed .
40
What was significant about the revolt of the northern earls ?
It was the first most serious , rebellious act by English catholics against Elizabeth 1 Treason laws became harsher Ended influence of families in the north Prompted harsher treatment of catholics Pope introduced a papal bull Mary's assassination
41
What was significant about Mary's assassination ?
. Removed an important threat to the throne . Relations with Spain worsened . Philip wanted the throne even more . Catholics angered at the execution of a potential catholic monarch
42
What were Elizabeth's foreign policy aims?
. Developing and improving trade to benefit the english economy . Protecting England's borders . Protecting the English throne . Avoiding war
43
What was Englands relationship with Spain like ?
. Elizabeth had refused Philip's offer of marriage when she came to the throne . Philip saw himself as the leading catholic monarch . Elizabeth's support for protestants and treatment of catholics created big problems between England and Spain . English support for the Dutch rebels was also significant factor . The Netherlands and most of the new world was controlled by Spain . If the British helped the Dutch they would gain access to resources and trade from countries on the otherside .
44
What type of people challenged Spains dominance in the new world ?
English merchants
45
Who was Francis drake ?
The most famous privateer who stole large amounts of Gold from Spanish ships
46
Why did Elizabeth hire drake to do the things he did ?
She didn't want to allow Spain to dominate
47
What was the significance of drakes actions ?
. It made clear that England did not accept Spain's dominance of the Americans . Drake's success gave England a national hero which gave England strength and patriotism . Drake boosted the crowns finances . Elizabeth knighted drake which clearly sent a message of defiance to spain
48
In what year was Drake's raid on Cadiz ?
1587
49
What happened when Drake when to Cadiz ?
He went to Cadiz harbour and destroyed 30 Spanish ships and a large amount of supplies. England knew that Spain was preparing for an attack and this raid delayed their preparations by a year and this gave the English more time to prepare
50
List the reasons for the launch of the Spanish Armada .
. The papacy wanted Elizabeth overthrown and the Pope said he would forgive the sins for those fighting in the Armada . . Drakes actions . England would be a good addition to the empire
51
List the reasons why the Spanish Armada lost against the British ?
. English Galleons - quick and very efficient . English cannons be reloaded quickly on these ships . Spanish supplies were poor quality and they had rotting food . Unreliable communication between Medina sidonia and Parma . Duke of Parma had no control of deep sea ports . English tactics - more firepower , fireships were great as they confused the Spanish and created panic . Spanish had poor leadership and tactics / no real sailors . Weather was shit so it was bad for the spanish
52
What were the consequences of the Spanish Armada's defeat ?
. Great propaganda victory . "God blew, and they were scattered " medal showed the importance of the religious victory . The Pope had given the strength from God and said it was alright to kill a few English . They had thought God was on their side , but no . . Great boost to English pride . Dutch rebels were encouraged to renew their fight . Showed strength and skill of a new British navy . Defeat cost Spain dearly
53
What were the reasons for the increase in poverty and vagabondage during these years :
. Increased population . Raising food prices . Sheep farming and enclosure of fields meant less people were employed in farms . More people forced to move to cities to find work . International problems / Spanish and dutch
54
What were some of the policies toward the poor ?
1563 statue of artificers 1572 vagabonds act 1576 poor relief act
55
What was the statue of artificers in 1563 ?
To collect poor relief money , more harsh treatment of beggars
56
What was the Vagabonds act in 1572 ?
To deter vagrancy . Beggars sent to houses of correction
57
What was the poor relief act in 1576 ?
To help able bodied people find work . Elderly and sick given houses to live in .
58
What were public opinions of poverty ?
There were differing levels of poverty and differing levels of acceptance of reasons for poverty . Impotent poor ( deserving poor ) - unable to work through no fault of their own - they received more sympathy . Able poor - able to work but not willing to do so , these people were treated more harshly

GCSE 🏋🏾‍♂️ (39 decks)

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