Embalming Glossary Flashcards
(423 cards)
1
Q
antemortem injuries resulting from friction of the skin against a firm object resulting in the removal of the epidermis
A
abrasion
2
Q
to touch or contact as with the tarsal plates of the closed eyes
A
abut
3
Q
a group of chemicals used in addition to vascular (arterial) and cavity embalming fluids; includes but isn’t limited to hardening compounds, preservative powders, sealing agents, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and kapok’s sarcoma.
A
accessory chemical
4
Q
a specific group of diseases or conditions which are indicative of severe immunosuppression related to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus; may exhibit conditions such as wasting syndrome, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and kaposies sarcoma
A
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
5
Q
These levels are established to ensure adequate protection of employees at exposures below the OSHA limits, but to minimize the compliance burdens for employers whose employees have exposures below the 8 hour permissible exposure limit (PEL) ; AL for foraldehyde is 0.5 ppm
A
Action level
6
Q
hyperemia due to an increased afflux of arterial blood into dilated capillaries
A
active hyperemia
7
Q
that pressure which is indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body
A
actual pressure
8
Q
grave wax; soft whitish crumbly or greasy material that forms upon the postmortem hydrolysis and hydrogenation of body fats
A
adipocere
9
Q
in the presence of free oxygen
A
Aerobic
10
Q
to disperse as an aerosol; minute particles of blood and water become atomized and suspended in air when water under pressure meets the blood drainage or when flushing an uncovered sink
A
aerosolization
11
Q
intravascular; the increase of viscosity of blood brought about the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels
A
agglutination
12
Q
relating to the process of dying or the moment of death so called because of the former erroneous notion that dying is a painful process; refers to moribund.
A
agonal
13
Q
(moribund) decrease in body temperature immediately before death; the body tissues cool; is an antemortem temperature change
A
agonal algor
14
Q
in reference to blood, a change from a fluid into a thickened mass
A
agonal coagulation
15
Q
the loss of moisture from the living body during the atonal state
A
agonal dehydration
16
Q
escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location
A
agonal edema
17
Q
increase in body temperature immediately before death
A
agonal fever
18
Q
period immediately before somatic death
A
agonal period
19
Q
an agonal or postmortem redistribution of host microflora on a hostwide basis
A
agonal translocation
20
Q
post mortem cooling of the body to the surrounding temperature
A
algor mortis
21
Q
method of injection-drainage in which embalming solution is injected and then injection is stopped while the drainage is opened
A
alternate drainage
22
Q
in the absence of free oxygen
A
anaerobic
23
Q
severe generalized edema
A
anascara
24
Q
a descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of anatomical structures that are known
A
anatomical guide
25
the body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs are pointed away from the body
anatomical position
26
localized abnormal dilation or out pocketing of a blood vessel resulting from a congenital defect or a weakness of the vessel wall
aneurysm
27
an embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels
aneurysm hook
28
an embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels, which has an eye in the hook portion of the instrument for placing ligatures around vessels
aneurysm needle
29
a multipurpose instrument used in the embalming process
angular spring forceps
30
deviations from normal
anomalies
31
in front of the elbow/bend of the elbow
antecubital
32
before death
antemortem
33
before death; an example being gangrene
antemortem cellular death
34
toward the front
anterior
35
a bony protuberance, that can be palpated topographically, found on the ilium the superior, broad portion of the hipbone; the origin of the inguinal ligament and the sartorial muscle
anterior superior iliac spine
36
condition in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained
apparent death
37
the concentrated, preservative, embalming chemical that will be diluted with water to form the arterial solution for injection into the arterial system during vascular embalming; the purpose is for inactivating saprophytic bacteria and rendering the body tissues less susceptible to decomposition
arterial (vascular) fluid
38
the mixture of arterial (vascular) fluid and water which is used for the arterial injection and may include supplemental fluids
arterial solution
39
a tube used to inject embalming fluid into the blood vascular system
arterial tube
40
the term applied to a number of pathological conditions causing a thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries
arteriosclerosis
41
place of union between two or more bones
articulation
42
accumulation of serious fluids in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
43
freedom from infection and from any form of life; sterility
asepsis
44
insufficient intake of oxygen resulting from numerous causes
asphyxia
45
withdrawal of gas, fluids and semi-solids from body cavities and hollow viscera by means of suction with an aspirator and a trocar
aspiration
46
a drug that causes contraction of body tissues and canals
astringent
47
fatty degeneration or thickening of the walls of the larger arteries occurring in arthosclerosis
atheroma
48
ability to hear; auditor faculty
audition
49
apparatus used for sterilization by steam pressure, usually at 250F/ 121C for a specific time
autoclave
50
self-destruction of cells; decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance
autolysis
51
a postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition; a necropsy
autopsy
52
destructive to bacteria
bactericidal agent
53
agent that has the ability to inhibit or retard bacterial growth; no destruction of viability of the microorganism is implied
bacteriostatic agent
54
resins combined with oil; a fragrant resinous, oily exudate from various trees and plants
balsamic substance
55
arm pit
base of the axillary space
56
established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the pectorals muscle
(anterior) boundary
57
established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelopes the lateral border of the pectoralis muscle
(posterior) boundary
58
established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the chest wall
(medial) boundary
59
established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the arm
(lateral) boundary
60
a carcinogen potentially produced when formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite come into contact with each other; normally occurs only in a controlled laboratory setting and requires a catalyst
Bischloromethyl Ether - BCME
61
biological agent or condition that constitutes a hazard to humans
biohazard
62
irreversible somatic death
biological death
63
a chemical which lightens a skin discoloration
bleaching agents
64
tissue that circulates through the vascular system and is composed of approximately 22% solids and 78% water
blood
65
the pressure exerted by the blood in the living body on the arterial wall measured in millimeters of mercury
blood pressure
66
regulating the employees exposure to blood and other body fluids. Osha regulations (29cfr 1910-1030) osha definition; products made from human blood
blood borne pathogen rule
67
pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans; these pathogens include but not limited to hep B virus and HIV
blood borne pathogens
68
the presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface
contaminated
69
laundry which has been soiled with blood or other potentially infectious materials or may contain sharps
contaminated laundry
70
any contaminated object that can penetrate the skin including but not limited too, needles, scalpels, broken glass, and exposed wire ends
contaminated sharps
71
controls (e.g. sharps disposal container, self sheathing needles) that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogen hazard from the workplace
engineering controls
72
a specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral, contact with blood or potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employees duties
exposure incident
73
reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral, contact with blood or there potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employees duties
occupational exposure
74
piercing mucous membranes or the skin barrier through such events as needle sticks, human bites, cuts and abrasions
parenteral
75
specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against a hazard
PPE
76
an approach to infection control whereby all blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known infections for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens
universal precautions
77
controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed.
work practice controls
78
discolorations resulting from changes in blood composition, content, or location, either intravascular or extravascular
blood discoloration
79
circulatory network composed of the heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, and veings
blood vascular system
80
the separation and pushing aside of the superficial fascia leading to blood vessels and then the deep fascia surrounding the blood vessels, utilizing manual techniques or round ended instruments which separate rather than cut the protective tissues
blunt dissection
81
acute, deep- seated inflammation in the skin which usually begins as a subcutaneous swelling in a hair follicle
boil
82
temporary interrupted suture; individual stitch knotted at the tissue edge; maybe applied prior to embalming to align tissues
bridge suture
83
vestibule of the oral cavity; the space between the lips, gums, and teeth
buccal cavity
84
self-contained, soft rubber manual pump designed to create pressure to deliver fluid as it passes through one-way valves located within the bulb; it is used to deliver fluids; cannot be used for aspiration
bulb syringe
85
an embalming chemical which affects the stabilization of the acid base (ph) balance within the solutions and in the embalmed tissues
buffers
86
dead human body used for medical purposes; including transplantation, anatomical dissection and study
cadaver
87
liver mortis; postmortem, intravascular, red-blue discoloration resulting from hypostasis of the blood
cadaveric lividity
88
a prolongation of the last violent contraction of the muscles into the rigidity of death; instantaneous rigor mortis
cadaveric lividity
89
a prolongation of the last violent contraction of the muscles into the rigidity of death; instantaneous rigor mortis
cadaveric spasm
90
the dome-like superior portion of the cranium; that portion removed during the cranial autopsy
calvarium
91
a device used as a means of fastening the calvarium after a cranial autopsy
calvarium clamp
92
formation of new channels in tissue
canalization
93
minute blood vessels, the walls of which comprise a single layer of endothelial cells; capillaries connect the smallest arteries (arteriole) with the smallest veins (venule) and are where pressure filtration occurs
capillaries
94
ability of substances to diffuse through capillary walls into the tissue spaces
capillary permeability
95
a compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen; sugars, starches, and glycogen
carbohydrate
96
an odorless very poisonous gas that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon
carbon monoxide
97
circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that ends in suppuration and is accompanied by systemic symptoms, such as fever and leukocytosis
carbuncle
98
a cancer causing chemical or material
carcinogen
99
the formation of cavities in an organ or tissue; frequently seen in some forms of tuberculosis
cavitation
100
direct Treatment, other than vascular (arterial) injection, of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera; usually accomplished by aspiration and injection
cavity embalming
101
embalming chemical which are injected in the cavities of the body following the aspiration in the cavity embalming; cavity fluid can also be used as the chemical in hypodermic and surface embalming
cavity fluid
102
death of the individual cells in the body
cellular death
103
ascending and/or arch of the aorta
center of fluid distribution
104
right atrium of the heart
center of venous drainage
105
embalming machine that uses an electrical pump to create pressure either pulsating or non pulsating
centrifugal force machine
106
a major agency of the US department of health and human services, with HQ in ATL, GA, concerned withal phases of control of communicable, vector borne, and occupational diseases
CDC; CDCP
107
substances that bind metallic ions such as EDTA; used as an anticoagulant in embalming solutions
Chelate
108
a change in the bodys chemical composition that occurs after death such as hemolysis
chemical postmortem change
109
the application of chemical reagents in the treatment of disease in man, causing an elevated preservation demand
chemotherapy
110
anaerobic gram positive rod bacterium that produces epsilon toxin; can be used as a bioweapon; A type of bacteria that is most common agent of gas gangrene and can also cause food poisoning as well as a fulminant form of bowel disease (necrotizing colitis)
clostridium perfringens
111
a phase of somatic death lasting from 5-6 minutes in which life may be restored
clinical death
112
chemical and physical agents that bring about coagulation
coagulating agents
113
the process of converting soluble protein into insoluble protein by heating or contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde; the solidification of a sol into a gelatinous mass; agglutination is a specific form of coagulation
coagulation
114
a fluid used primarily to supplement and enhance the action of vascular (arterial) solutions
connection fluid
115
the irreversible cessation of brain activity and loss of consciousness; death beginning at the brain
coma
116
disease that may be transmitted either directly or indirectly between individuals by an infectious agent
communicable disease
117
disinfection practices carried out during the embalming process
concurrent disinfection
118
method of drainage in which drainage occurs continuously during vascular (arterial) injection
concurrent drainage
119
rounded articular process of a bone
condyle
120
mucous membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white portion of the eye
conjunctiva
121
disease that may be transmitted between individuals with reference to the organism that causes the disease
contagious disease
122
transparent part of the tunic of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil and admits light into the interior
cornea
123
that portion of the corner recovered for transplantation in situ
corneal sclera button
124
an official of a local community who holds inquests concerning sudden, violent, and unexplained deaths
coroner
125
obesity; having an abnormal amount of fat on the body
corpulence
126
embalming fluid that contains dyes and coloring agents intended to restore a more natural skin tone through the embalming process
cosmetic fluid
127
dye that helps to cover internal discolorations such as jaundice
counter staining compound
128
plastic garment designed to cover the body from the chest down to the upper thigh
coverall
129
method used to embalm the contents of the cranial cavity through aspiration and injection of the cranial chamber by passage of a trocar through the cribriform plate
cranial embalming
130
those elements remaining after cremation of a dead human body
cremated remains
131
crackling sensation produced when gasses trapped in tissues are palpated as in subcutaneous emphysema
crepitation
132
a disease of the central nervous system with unknown etiology, assumed to be a slow virus; because of the unknown etiology, care givers using invasive procedures use extreme caution
creutzfeldt-jacob disease
133
thin, medial portion of the ethmoid bone of the skull
cribriform plate
134
a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes ; a sign that oxygen in the blood is dangerously diminished
cyanosis
135
irreversible cessation of all vital functions (non-legal definition)
death
136
noise made by a moribund person caused by air passing through a residue of mucous in the trachea and posterior oral cavity
death rattle
137
the semi-convulsive twitches which often occur before death
death struggle
138
decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria; aerobic proteolysis
decay
139
separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes
decomposition
140
loss of moisture from a body tissue which may occur ante/post mortem
dehydration
141
a protein whose structure has been changed by a physical or chemical agent
denatured protein
142
process of drying out
desiccation
143
skin slips; sloughing off of the epidermis, wherein there is a separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis
desquamation
144
separation of substances in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
dialysis
145
the difference between potential and actual pressure
differential pressure
146
the movement of molecules or other particles in a solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached
diffusion
147
passage of some components of the injected embalming solution from an intravascular to an extravascular location; movement of the embalming solutions from the capillaries into the interstitial fluids
diffusion (fluids)
148
anatomical term describing fingers and toes; the thumb is #1 for each hand as is the large toe for the feet
digits
149
any abnormal color in or upon the human body
discoloration
150
any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of a body part, organ or system.
disease
151
an agent, usually chemical, applied to an inanimate object/surface to Destry disease-causing microbial agents but usually not bacterial spores
disinfectant
152
the destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on a body
disinfection
153
the movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries
distribution (fluid)
154
tubular instrument of varying diameter and shape , preferably with a plunger that is inserted into a vein in drainage of blood and to restrict the exit of vascular embalming fluid
drain tube
155
discharge or withdrawal of blood, interstitial fluid and embalming fluids from the body
drainage
156
OSHA required safety device for a release of copious amount of water in a short period of time
drench shower
157
condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic and occurs when the arteries but not the veins are obstructed
dry gangrene
158
coloring agent
dye
159
extravasation of blood into tissue; a bruise
ecchymosis
160
record of the electrical activity of the heart
electrocardiogram (ECG)
161
abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissues or body cavities
edema
162
a record of the electrical activity of the brain
electroencephalogram (EEG)
163
a device that uses a motor to create a suction for the purpose of aspiration
electric aspirator
164
an electrically heated blade which may be used to dry moist tissue, reduce swollen tissue and restore contour
electric spatula
165
process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition and to restore an acceptable physical appearance
embalming
166
direct treatment other than vascular (arterial) embalming of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera; usually accomplished by aspiration and the injection of chemicals using a trocar
embalming (cavity)
167
injection of embalming chemicals directly into tissues through the use of a syringe and needle or trocar
embalming (hypodermic)
168
direct contact of internal or external body tissues with embalming chemicals
embalming (surface)
169
the use of vascular systems of the body for preservations, disinfection and restoration; usually accomplished through injection of embalming solutions into the arteries and drainage from the veins
vascular embalming
170
consideration given to the dead human body prior to, during, and after the embalming procedure is completed; documentation is recommended
embalming analysis
171
the surroundings, conditions, or influences that affect an organism or the cells within an organism
environment
172
a US government agency with environmental protection regulatory and enforcement authority
EPA; environmental protection agency
173
an organic catalyst produced by living cells and capable of autolytic decomposition
enzyme
174
to remove as by cutting out;
excision
175
any procedure used to prove a sign of death; performed by medical personnel
expert tests of death
176
a specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral, contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employees duties
exposure incident
177
outside the blood vascular system
extravascular
178
discoloration of the body outside the blood vascular system
extravascular blood discoloration
179
from outside the body
extrinsic
180
removal of the eye for tissue transplantation, research and education
eye enucleation
181
extravasation of blood as a result of eye enucleation
eye enucleation discoloration
182
OSHA required emergency safety device providing a steady stream of water for flushing the eyes
eye wash station
183
a thin plastic dome like disc used to restore contour just beneath the eyelids
eye cap
184
organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. chemically a triglycerides ester, composed of glycerol and fatty acids
fat
185
a product of decomposition of fats
fatty acids
186
characterized by a high fever, causing dehydration of the body
febrile
187
bacterial decomposition of carbohydrates
fermentation
188
lesions of the mucous membrane of the lip or mouth caused by herpes simplex type 1 or 2 virus of by dehydration of the mucous membrane in a febrile disease
fever blisters
189
rigidity of tissue due to chemical reaction
firming
190
the act of making tissue rigid; the solidification of a compound
fixation
191
an agent employed in the preparation of tissues for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure; many agents are used, the most important one being formalin
fixative
192
HCHO; a colorless odorless gas; made by the oxidation of methanol; a potential occupational carcinogen
formaldehyde
193
gray discoloration of the body caused by the reaction of formaldehyde from the embalming process with hemoglobin to form methyl-hemoglobin
formaldehyde gray
194
OSHA regulation limiting the amount of occupation exposure to formaldehyde gas
formaldehyde rule
195
boil; acute, deep seated inflammation in the skin which usually begins as a subcutaneous swelling in a hair follicle
furuncle
196
necrosis, death, of tissues of part of the human body usually due to deficient or absent blood supply
gangrene
197
conduction that results when the body part that dies had little or no blood and remains aseptic; the arteries but not the veins are obstructed
gangrene (dry)
198
necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage; may be accompanied by bacterial infection
wet/moist gangrene
199
necrosis is a wound infected by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus, the most common etiologic agent being clostridium perfringens
gas gangrene
200
extravascular movement of preservation fluids by gravitational force to the dependent areas of the body
gravity filtration
201
apparatus used to inject arterial fluid during the vascular (arterial) phase of the embalming process; relies on gravity to create the pressure required to deliver the fluid
gravity injector
202
instrument used to guide vein tubes into vessels
groove director
203
historical instrument resembling a large hypodermic stringe attached to a bottle apparatus; used to create either pressure for injection or vacuum for aspiration
hand pump
204
historical instrument resembling a large hypodermic syringe attached to a bottle apparatus; used to create either pressure for injection or vacuum for aspiration
hand pump
205
water containing large amounts of mineral salts; the water (vehicle) to be used in mixing vascular embalming solutions needs to have these mineral salts removed or sequestered
hard water
206
chemical in powder form that has the ability to absorb and to disinfect; often used in cavity treatment of autopsided bodies
hardening compound
207
OSHA regulation that deals with identifying and limiting exposure to occupational hazards
hazard communication standard/rule
208
an agent or material exposing one to risk
hazardous material
209
piece of equipment used to maintain the head in the proper position during the embalming process
head rest
210
blood present in vomitus
hematemesis
211
a swelling or mass of clotted blood confined to an organ or space caused by a ruptured vessel
hematoma
212
the non protein portion of hemoglobin; the red pigment of hemoglobin
heme
213
the red respiratory portion of the red blood cells; iron containing pigment of red blood cells functioning to carry oxygen to cells
hemoglobin
214
destruction of red blood cells that liberates hemoglobin
hemolysis
215
inflammation of the liver; it may be caused by a variety of agents, including viral infections, bacterial invasion, and physical or chemical agents; it is usually accompanied by fever, jaundice and an enlarged liver
hepatitis
216
a severe infectious blood borne virus
Hepatitis B virus HBV
217
an inflammatory skin disease marked by small vesicles in clusters, usually restricted to diseases caused by herpesvirus
Herpes
218
special vascular (arterial) fluid with an HCHO content of 25 to 36 percent
High preservation demand fluids
219
a 5% sodium hypochlorite solution; 12 oz of household bleach with 116oz of water yields 1 gallon of a 105 household bleach solution
household bleach
220
a type of retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Human immunodeficiency virus
221
body of a deceased person, including related remains
human remains
222
chemical that increases the ability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture
humectant
223
apparatus that is connected to the water supply; when the water is turned on a suction is developed and is used to aspirate the contents of body cavities
hydroaspirator
224
abnormal accumulation of fluids in a saclike structure; especially the scrotal sac
hydrocele
225
abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids in the veintricles of the brain
hydrocephalus
226
reaction in which water is one of the reactants and compounds are often broken down; in hydrolysis of proteins the addition of water accompanied by action of enzymes results in the breakdown of protein into amino acids
hydrolysis
227
abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac
hydropericardium
228
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity
hydrothorax
229
absorbing moisture readily
hygroscopic
230
a solution having greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared
hypertonic solution
231
settling of blood and/or other fluids to dependent portions of the body; the process of settling out blood to the capillaries
hypostasis
232
a solution having a lesser concentration of a dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compred
hypotonic solution
233
yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood; can be a symptom of gallstones or liver infection or anemia
icterus
234
absorption of the fluid portion of blood by the tissues after death resulting in postmortem edema
imbibition
235
a clean cut made with a sharp instrument; in embalming, a cut made with a scalpel to raise arteries and veins
incision
236
the strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100ml of water; index usually refers to a percentage; an embalming fluid with an index of 25 usually contains 25% formaldehyde gas
index
237
a child less than 1 year of age
infant
238
disease caused by the growth of a pathogenic microorganism in the body
infectious disease
239
from a given reference toward the feet
inferior
240
anatomical structure forming the base of the femoral triangle; extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle
inguinal limit
241
the act of forcing liquid into the vascular system or directly into tissues
injection
242
the amount of pressure produced by an injection device to overcome initial resistance within (intravascular) or on (extravascular) the vascular system (arterial or venous)
injection pressure
243
the immediate stiffening of the muscles of a dead human body
instantaneous rigor mortis
244
between the cells of a structure
intercellular
245
fluid inside cells of a body
intercellular fluid
246
space between the ribs
intercostal space
247
restricted drainage; method of drainage in which the drainage is stopped at intervals while the injection continues
intermittent drainage
248
fluid in the supporting connective tissues surrounding body cells
interstitial fluid
249
within the blood vascular system
intravasular
250
discoloration of the body within the blood vascular system
intravascular blood discoloration
251
fluid contained within vascular channels
intravascular fluid
252
from within the body
intrinsic
253
a solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute to that of a standard of reference
isotonic solution
254
conditions charactered by excessive concentrations of bilirubin in the skin and tissues and deposition of excessive bile pigment in the skin, corner, body fluids, and mucous membranes with the resulting yellow appearance of the patient
jaundice
255
a special vascular fluid with special bleaching and coloring qualities for use on bodies with jaundice; usually low formaldehyde content
jaundice fluid
256
wound characterized by irregular tearing of tissue
laceration
257
substance used to kill insect larae
larvicide
258
away from the midline
lateral
259
a severe often fatal bacterial disease characterized by pneumonia, dry cough and sometimes gastrointestinal symptons
legionnaires disease
260
any change in structure produced during the course of a disease or injury
lesion
261
to tie off an artery and vein upon completion of embalming
ligate
262
a line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper lying structure
linear guide
263
the hydrolysis of fat; decomposition of fats
lipolysis
264
unnatural lack of color in the skin
lividity
265
the livid discoloration of the skin on the dependent parts of a corpse; blue discoloration after death seen in lower level dependent capillary beds
livor
266
cadaveric lividity; postmortem intravascular, red blue discoloration resulting from hypostasis of blood; the change that occurs in the latter part of the death process
liver mortis
267
the cavity or opening of a vein, artery or intestine
lumen
268
a specific antibody acting destructively upon cells and tissues
lysin
269
organelle that exists within a cell, but separate the cells
lysosome
270
an insect larva
maggot
271
method of mouth closure in which a suture is passed through the septum of the nose and around the mandible
mandibular suture
272
manipulation of tissue in the course of preparation of the body
massage
273
toward the midline
medial
274
an official elected or appointed to investigate suspicious or unnatural deaths
medical examiner
275
inflammation of the meninges
meningitis
276
a minute one celled form of life not distinguishable as to vegetable or animal nature
microbe
277
a vertical line drawn from the center of the medial border of the base of the axillary space
mid-axillary line
278
that amount of radioactive material in which 37 million atoms disintegrate each second; mCi
Millicurie
279
chemicals added to embalming solution to deal with varying demands predicted upon the type of embalming, the environment and the embalming fluid to be used
modifying agents
280
those agents which will prohibit the growth of mold
mold preventative
281
in a dying state; agonal period
moribund
282
a paste to fix or fill
mortuary putty
283
a device used in the shaping and contour of the lips
mouth former
284
this must accompany a hazardous product; a requirement of the department of labor and OSHA under the hazard communication standard
Material safety data sheet; msds
285
vascular injection from 2 or more arteries
multiple site injection
286
method of mouth closure in which a suture is passed the septum of the nose and through the mentalist muscle of the chin
musculature suture
287
space between the roof of the mouth and the floor of the cranial cavity
nasal cavity
288
embalming instrument used to aspirate the throat by means of the nostrils
nasal tube aspirator
289
the normal degeneration and death of living cells; antemortem, physiological death of cells of the body followed by their replacement
necrobiosis
290
a postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine the cause of death or pathological condition; another word for autopsy, usually for animals
necropsy
291
pathological death of a tissue still a part of the living organism
necrosis
292
a mechanical device used to impel specially designed metal pins into bone
needle injector
293
inflammation of the kidneys
nephritis
294
metabolic by products that contain nitrogen, such as urea and uric acid; these compounds have a high affinity for formaldehyde and tend to neutralize embalming chemicals
nitrogenous waste
295
a type of arterial fluid which contains inactive dyes that will not impart a color or change upon the body tissues of the deceased
non-cosmetic fluid
296
reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral, contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of a workers duties
occupation exposure
297
a Governmental Agency with the responsibility for regulatory and enforcement of safety and health matters for most United States employees; an individual State OSHA agency may supercede the US Department of Labor OSHA regulations
OSHA
298
injection and drainage from one location
one point injection
299
any and all techniques to treat a problem area; excision, incision, wicking
operative corrections
300
an optical instrument with an accompanying light that makes it possible to examine the retina and to explore for blood circulation
ophthalmoscope
301
the most favorable condition for functioning
optimum
302
the mouth and the vestibule, or opening to the throat
oral cavity
303
diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration on both sides is equal
osmosis
304
embalming instrument used in filling the external orifices of the body
packing forceps
305
to examine by touch
palpate
306
incision on the surface of the skin to raise the common carotid arteries; it is made along the posterior border of the inferior one-third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
parallel incision
307
piercing mucous membranes of the skin barrier through such events as needle sticks, human bites, cuts and abrasions
parenteral
308
in contaminated air, the parts of vapor or gas per million parts of air by volume; in solution the parts of chemical per million parts of solution
parts per million
309
increased blood in a part resulting from obstruction to is outflow from the area; also called venous H.
passive hyperemia
310
antemortem discoloration that occur during the course of certain diseases; gangrene and jaundice
pathological discoloration
311
substance able to destroy lice
pediculicide
312
effected through unbroken skin
percutaneous
313
chemicals found in embalming arterial formulations having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one
perfuming/masking agents
314
to force a fluid through (an organ or tissue) especially by the way of the blood vessels; injection during vascular (arterial) embalming
perfusion
315
inflammation of the peritoneum, the membraneous coat lining the abdominal cavity and investing the viscera
peritonitis
316
the maximum legal limits established by OSHA for regulated substances; these are based on employee exposure that are time-weighted over an 8 hour work shift; when these limits are exceeded, employers must take proper steps to reduce employee exposure; for formaldehyde, the PEL is .75 ppm
Permissible Exposure limit (PEL)
317
antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin
petechia
318
drugs or medicines
pharmaceutical agents
319
condition in which interstitial spaces contain excessive amounts of fluid that the skin remains depressed after palpation
pitting edema
320
preparation room equipment for properly positioning bodies prior to, during and after vascular embalming
positioning devices
321
toward the back
posterior
322
period that begins after somatic death
postmortem
323
the rise in temperature after death due to continued cellular metabolism
postmortem caloricity
324
death of all cells
postmortem cellular death
325
a change in the form of state of matter without any change in chemical composition
postmortem physical changes
326
extravascular color change that occurs when heme, releases by hemolysis of red blood cells, seeps through the vessel walls and into the body tissues
postmortem stain
327
degree of acidity or alkalinity; scale ranges fro m0 to 14; 0 = acid, 14= basic, 7=neutral
potential of hydrogen (pH)
328
a substance bringing about precipitation; the oxalates formerly used in water condition chemicals are now illegal because of the poisonous nature to the embalmer
precipitant
329
the pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off; turner portably injection machine
potential pressure
330
fluid injected primarily to prepare the vascular system and body tissues for the injection of the preservative vascular system and body tissues for the injection of the preservative vascular solution; this solution is injected before the preservative vascular solution is injected
preinjection fluid
331
the area or facility wherein embalming, dressings cosmetizing, or other body preparation are effected
preparation room
332
the science of treating the body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition
preservation
333
chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria, render unsuitable for nutrition the media upon which such bacteria thrive, and which will arrest decomposition by altering enzymes and lysins of the body as well as converting the decomposable tissue to form less susceptible to decomposition
perservative
334
amount of preservative required to effectively preserve and disinfect remains; depends on the condition of the tissues as determined in the embalming analysis
preservative demand
335
the action of a force against an opposing force; a force applied or acting against resistance
pressure
336
pressure developed as the flow of embalming solution is established and the elastic arterial walls expand and then contract, resulting in filling of the capillary beds and development of pressure filtration
intravascular pressure
337
positive intravascular pressure causing passage of embalming fluid through the capillary wall to diffuse with the interstitial fluids; causing passed of embalming fluid from an intravascular to an extravascular position
filtration pressure
338
the dilution attained as the embalming solution is mixed in the embalming machine
primary dilution
339
disinfection carried out prior to th embalming process
primary disinfection
340
the recovery of organs or tissues from a cadaver for transplantation purposes
procurement
341
projection of the jaw or jaws that may cause problems with mouth closure and alignment of teeth
prognathism
342
organic compound found in plants and animals; can be broken down into amino acids
protein
343
decomposition of proteins
proteolysis
344
any one of a group of nitrogenous organic compounds formed by the action of putrefaction bacteria on proteins; indole, skittle, cadaverine, and putrescine
ptomaine
345
the fibrocartilage that joins the two pubic bones in the median plane
pubic symphysis
346
postmortem evacuation of any substance from an external orifice of the body as result of pressure
purge
347
liquid product of inflammation containing various proteins and leukocytes
pus
348
characteristic puss-filled structure of a disease, such as smallpox, syphilis, and acne
pustular lesion
349
decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria
putrefaction
350
the supervision, in an institution licensed to use radionuclides, that has the responsibility to establish procedures and make recommendations in the use of all radioactive matter
radiation protection officer
351
a chemical element that is similar in chemical properties to another element but differs in the atomic weight and electric charge and emits radiation; an atom that disintegrates by emission of electromagnetic radiation
radionuclide
352
speed at which fluid is injected; measured in ounces per minute
rate of flow
353
razor abrasion
razor burn
354
repeated aspiration of a cavity
reaspiration
355
an amorphous, nonvolatile solid or soft side substance, a natural exudation from plants; any of a class of solid or soft organic compounds of natural or synthetic origin
resinous substance
356
intermittent or alternate injection and drainage
restricted drainage
357
treatment of the deceased in the attempt to recreate natural form and odor
restoration
358
humectant; supplemental fluid; used with the regular arterial solution whose purpose is to retain body moisture and retard dehydration
restorative field
359
method of injection wherein both common carotid arteries are raised
restricted cervical injection
360
the right side of the heart seen as the center of drainage; used as a side of drainage via instruments from the right internal jugular vein and direct via the trocar or through the thoracic wall
right atrium
361
postmortem stiffening of the body muscles by natural body processes
rigor mortis
362
decomposition of sugars
saccharolysis
363
process to promote and establish conditions which minimize or eliminate biohazards
sanitation
364
process of soap formation; as related to decomposition, the conversion of fatty tissues of the body into an adipocere
saponification
365
bacteria that derive their nutrition from dead organic matter
saprophytic bacteria
366
a two piece embalming instrument consisting of a handle and a blade used to make incisions and excisions
scalpel
367
material used to provide a barrier or seal against any type of fluid or blood
sealing agents
368
weakening of the embalming fluid by the fluids in the body, both vascular and interstitial
secondary dilution
369
pathologic state, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the blood or other tissues
sepsis
370
condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in blood
septicemia
371
a chemical agent that can "fence off" or "tie up" metal ions so they cannot react with other chemicals
sequestering agent
372
notched on the edge like a saw, as seen with forceps
serrated
373
hypodermic needles, suture needles, injector needles, scalpel blades, razor blades, pins and other items sharp enough to cause percutaneous injury, penetration of unbroken skin; may include other items not normally disposed of following use such as scissors, teeth, finger nails, and ribs
sharps
374
OSHA required receptacle for the proper disposal of sharps
sharps container
375
legal limits established by OSHA to which workers can be exposed continuously for a short period of time without damage or injury; exposures at the STEL should not be for more than 15 minutes and not repeated more than 4 times a day
Short term exposure limit STEL
376
manifestation of death in the body
sign of death
377
an unstable salt usually produced in an aqueous solution and used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent
sodium hypochlorite
378
the substance that is dissolved in a solution
solute
379
liquid containing a dissolved in a solution
solution
380
a liquid holding another substance in solution
solvent
381
affecting or characteristic of the body as opposed to the mind or spirit
somatic
382
death of the organism as a whole
somatic death
383
injection from one site and drainage from another
split injection
384
oven or appliance for sterilizing; an autoclave that disinfects by steam under pressure at temperatures above 100degrees C
sterilizers
385
process that renders a substance free of all microorganisms
sterilization
386
delicate instrument used to detect almost inaudible sounds produced by the body
stethoscope
387
dead at birth; a product of conception either expelled or extracted dead
stillborn
388
situated or occurring beneath the skin
subcutaneous
389
distention of the tissues beneath the skin by gas or air; an antemortem condition brought about by a surgical procedure or trauma
subcutaneous emphysema
390
towards the surface
superficial
391
anatomically toward the head
superior
392
fluid injected for purposes other than preservations and disinfection; supplemental fluids generally fall into one of three categories; preinjection, connection and humectants or restorative fluids
supplemental fluid
393
cloth, wet/dry, folded and applied firmly to a body part
surface compress
394
the direct contact of body tissues with embalming chemicals
surface embalming
395
a discoloration due to the deposit of matter on the skin surface; these discolorations may occur antemortem, during, or after embalming of the body
surface discoloration
396
an absorbent material, compress, saturated with an embalming chemical and placed in direst contact with the tissue
surface pack
397
surface tension reducer, wetting, penetrating, or surface-active agent; chemical that reduces the molecular cohesion of a liquid so it can flow through smaller apertures
surfactant
398
the science of treating the body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition
temporary preservation
399
institution of disinfection and decontamination measures after the preparation of the remains
terminal disinfection
400
anty procedurę used to prove a sign of death
test of death
401
study of death
thanatology
402
destruction of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues; seared, charred, or roasted tissue
third degree burns
403
the solidification of a gel into a gelatinous mass; agglutination is a specific form of coagulation; a general term
tissue coagulation
404
postmortem accumulation of gas in tissues or cavities brought about by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus, clostridium perfringens
tissue gas
405
the yellowing/browning of the finger nails from excessive use of cigarettes; a surface discoloration
tobacco tars
406
disinfection of the surface of the body or an object
topical disinfection
407
an agonal or postmortem redistribution of hot microflora on a hostwide basis
translocation
408
the gifting of living tissue from its normal position to another site, or of an organ or tissue from one person to another
transplantation
409
lying at right angles to the long axis of the body
transverse
410
a physical injury or wound caused by external force or violence
trauma
411
sharply pointed surgical instrument used in cavity embalming to aspirate the cavities and inject cavity fluid; the trocar may also be used for supplemental hypodermic embalming
trocar
412
a plastic threaded screw-like device for sealing punctures and small round trocar opeinings
trocar buttons
413
a line drawn or visualized on the surface of the body or a prominent anatomic structure used to locate internal structures during cavity embalming, from a point of reference 2 inches to the left of and 2 inches superior to the unbilicus
trocar guide
414
an evaluation of exposures that are time weighted over an established period; it allows the exposure levels to be averaged generally over an 8 hour time period
time weighted average TWA
415
plastic garment designed to cover the entire body from the chest down to and including the feet
unionall
416
an approach to infection control; according to the concept of universal precautions, all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, and other blood borne pathogens
universal precautions
417
apparatus that prevents the back-siphoning of contaminated liquids into potable water supply lines or plumbing cross-connections within the prep room
vaccuum breaker
418
liquid that serve as a solvent for the numerous ingredients that are incorporated into embalming fluids
vehicle
419
the resistance of the flow of a liquid; the thickness
viscosity
420
a complexing agent to remove chemical constituents from municipal water supplies that could interfere with drainage and preservation
water conditioner
421
a condition resulting from the use of an embalming solution containing an insufficient amount of preservation to meet the preservation demand of the tissues; the interstitial spaces are overly filled, engorged with water
water log
422
necrotic tissue that is moist as a result of inadequate venous drainage; may be accompanied by bacterial infection
wet gangrene
423
controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed; prohibiting recapping of needles, and not allowing blood splatter or aerosolization of blood while draining during embalming
work practice controls
