week 8

Question 1

branch of natural science that is concerned with;

1. description and classification of matter
2. properties of matter
3. changes that matter undergoes or the conditions necessary to cause or prevent such changes
4. energy associated with each of the changes

Answer 1

chemistry

Question 2

• based on multiplying or dividing units by 10
• length = meters
• mass/weight = gram
• volume = liter

Answer 2

review of the metric system

Question 3

King. Henry. Died. Unexpectedly. Drinking. Chocolate. Milk

Answer 3

Kilo
Hecto
Deca
One Unit
Deci
Centi
Milli

Question 4

1 kilo =
1 hecto =
1 deca = 
1 unit =
10 deci = 
100 centi = 
1,000 milli =

Answer 4

1,000 units K
100 units H
10 units D
One Unit U
1 unit D
1 unit C
1 unit M

Question 5

Moving right on metric system ; you __

Answer 5

divide

Question 6

Moving left on the metric system ; you ___

Answer 6

multiply

Question 7

temperature scales

Answer 7

fahrenheit , Celsius, Kelvin

Question 8

boiling and freezing temps for Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin

Answer 8

F = 32 - 212
C = 0 - 100
K = 273 - 373

Question 9

any large class of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen

Answer 9

organic

Question 10

molecules are composed of other elements, contain hydrogen or carbon, but if they have both they are organic

Answer 10

inorganic

Question 11

branch of science concerned with chemical and physicochemical processes that occur within living organisms

Answer 11

biochemistry

Question 12

the processes and effects of chemistry on tissues in the body with formaldehyde and other chemicals

Answer 12

embalming chemistry

Question 13

the chemistry of death. used to describe the changes that occur in the chemical composition of the human corpse as soon as death occurs

Answer 13

thanatochemistry

Question 14

2 divisions of matter

Answer 14

1. physical classification

2. chemical classification

Question 15

anything that has mass; anything that you can see and touch

Answer 15

matter

Question 16

characteristics of physical classification

Answer 16

1. solids
2. liquids
3. gases

Question 17

characteristics of chemical classification

Answer 17

1. pure substances

2. mixtures

Question 18

characteristics of pure substances of chemical classification

Answer 18

1. elements (hydrogen, oxygen)

2. compounds (water, sand)

Question 19

characteristics of mixtures of chemical classifications

Answer 19

1. homogenous mixtures (air, salt in water)

2. heterogeneous mixture (sand and common salt)

Question 20

characteristics of chemical classification of compounds to water

Answer 20

1. inorganic compounds

2. organic compounds

Question 21

not readily absorbed into a solvent (sand in water)

Answer 21

insoluble solute

Question 22

readily absorbed into a solvent (salt in water)

Answer 22

soluble solute

Question 23

• a heterogenous mixture composed of two or more substances
• it may not have the same proportions of its components throughout any given sample
• mixture of solute and solvent in which size particles is greater than 100 nanometers
• particles do not dissolve; in time they separate on their own and settle out. ex. dust in air or sand in water

Answer 23

insoluble solute suspensions

Question 24

• a homogenous mixture composed of two or more substances
• has the same proportions of its components throughout any given sample
• very stable; will not settle out
• cannot be removed by filter or centrifuge (ex. salt in water)

Answer 24

soluble solute solutions

Question 25

a true solution or "homogenous" | -ingredients are evenly distributed in uniform composition

Answer 25

formalin

Question 26

subdivisions of quantifying solutions (measuring these solutions) (4)

Answer 26

1. concentration 2. percentage 3. ratios 4. part per million

Question 27

the ratio of mass or volume of a solute to the mass or volume of the solution or the solute

Answer 27

concentration

Question 28

by weight and/or volume

Answer 28

percentage

Question 29

portion of mixtures

Answer 29

ratios

Question 30

method of expressing low concentrations; 1 ppm is equivalent to 1 milligram per liter

Answer 30

parts per million

Question 31

solution containing less of the solute that can be held in solution by the solvent at a certain temperature and pressure

Answer 31

unsaturated

Question 32

solution containing all of the solute the solvent is able to hold in a solution at a certain temp and pressure

Answer 32

saturated

Question 33

solution containing more of the solute that the solvent is able to hold in solution at a certain temp and pressure forming crystals

Answer 33

supersaturated

Question 34

are very large solutes; can be found in the solution and in the interstistial fluid; they cannot pass through the semipermeable membrane (cell membranes)

Answer 34

colloids

Question 35

very small solutes; can be found in the solution and the interstitial fluids; can pass through semipermeable membranes

Answer 35

crystalloids

Question 36

scattering of a beam of light caused by particles in a colloid. allows a homogenous solution and colloids to be distinguished

Answer 36

Tyndall effect

Question 37

solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared

Answer 37

hypotonic solution

Question 38

solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which its compared

Answer 38

hypertonic solution

Question 39

a solution having a concentration of dissolved solute equal to that of a standard of reference

Answer 39

isotonic solution

Question 40

characteristics that can be observed when a substance is interacting with other substances resulting in a change in chemical composition

Answer 40

chemical properties

Question 41

changes the identity of the substance

Answer 41

chemical changes

Question 42

simple substance that cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means

Answer 42

elements

Question 43

the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element -made up of neutrons, protons and electrons

Answer 43

atom

Question 44

contains the neutrons and protons

Answer 44

nucleus of the atom

Question 45

contains the electrons

Answer 45

shell of the atom

Question 46

tabular arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number. columns represent the periodic reoccurrence of similar properties -helps to prevent chemical reactivity

Answer 46

periodic table of elements

Question 47

- NO electrical charge | - not easily combined

Answer 47

noble gases

Question 48

gives number of protons and defines an element

Answer 48

atomic number

Question 49

- weight of carbon atom | - essentially protons + neutrons

Answer 49

atomic mass

Question 50

-substance consisting of 2 or more atoms combined or bonded chemically in definite proportions by mass

Answer 50

compounds

Question 51

smallest unit of a compound which can exist alone | -an aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical of two or more atoms, for a specific chemical substance

Answer 51

molecules

Question 52

H2O | 1 oxygen atom + 2 hydrogen atom

Answer 52

water atom

Question 53

an outer shell electron that is asssociated with an atom

Answer 53

valence electron

Question 54

a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms

Answer 54

covalent bond

Question 55

two atoms sharing two electron pairs

Answer 55

double bonds

Question 56

two atoms sharing one electron pair

Answer 56

single bond

Question 57

H2CO hydrogen 2 carbon oxygen

Answer 57

formaldehyde