week 2 info

Question 1

destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body.

Answer 1

disinfection

Question 2

the chemical treatment of the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and restore an acceptable physical appearance

Answer 2

embalming

Question 3

4 areas of embalming

Answer 3

1. disinfection
2. preservation
3. sanitation
4. restoration

Question 4

disinfection carried out prior to the embalming process;

-washing body before embalming

Answer 4

primary disinfection

Question 5

disinfection carried out during the embalming process

- constant washing and cleaning during the embalming process

Answer 5

concurrent disinfection

Question 6

disinfection carried out after the embalming process

-wash again after embalming is completed so nothing (purge, vomit, blood etc) is left over

Answer 6

terminal disinfection

Question 7

an attempt to arrest decomposition by inactivating saprophytic bacteria in the body tissue thus forming tissue less susceptible to decomposition.

Answer 7

preservation

Question 8

an organism which gets its energy from dead and decaying organic matter. this may be decaying pieces of plants or animals. these are heterotrophs

Answer 8

saprophyte

Question 9

an organism that can’t manufacture its own food and instead obtains its food and energy by taking in organic substances usually plant or animal matter. all animals, protozoans, fungi and most bacteria are this

Answer 9

heterotrophs

Question 10

an organism capable of synthesizing its own food form inorganic substances using light or chemical energy. green plants, algae, and certain bacteria are these

Answer 10

autotroph

Question 11

• embalming chemicals react with proteins of the body, proteins of the enzymes, and protein of the microbes to prevent the retention of water. without water, they become more stable and therefore are longer lasting.
• proteins are made up of a long chain of amino acids. once amino acids split, it produces a gas with a horrible odor.

Answer 11

stabilization of the proteins

Question 12

an organic catalyst produced by living cells and capable of autolytic decomposition.
-digestive __ are capable of destroying cells within their own body

Answer 12

enzymes

Question 13

no water, no

Answer 13

decomposition

Question 14

-an approach to infection control in which. all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infected; don’t cross contaminate
protect;
you, public, environment.
create a clean, sanitary body

Answer 14

sanitation

Question 15

how to achieve sanitation during embalming?

Answer 15

PPE; personal protective equipment

Question 16

treatment of the deceased in an attempt to recreate natural form and color

Answer 16

restoration

Question 17

5 classifications of embalming

Answer 17

1. vascular
2. surface
3. hypodermic
4. cavity
5. anatomical embalming

Question 18

• the use of the blood vascular system of the body to accomplish temporary preservation, sanitation, and restoration of the deceased
• injection of embalming chemicals in the arteries and drainage from the veins
• used to preserve entire body, larger body sections and localized body areas

Answer 18

vascular

Question 19

• direct contact of body tissues with embalming chemicals
• considered a supplemental treatment to vascular injection and is used when vascular injection is unsuccessful or impossible

Answer 19

surface

Question 20

• injection of embalming chemicals into tissues through the tissues by use of a syringe needle or trocar
• supplemental embalming procedure used when tissues in the adult body can’t be treated sufficiently by vascular injection

Answer 20

hypodermic

Question 21

• direct treatment of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera; usually accomplished by aspiration and injection of chemical using a trocar
• accomplished in 2 phases using a trocar

Answer 21

cavity

-aspiration and injection

Question 22

this type of embalming is different than the standard vascular embalming. ITs used for medical school dissection which can last several months or years. Usually multiple gallons are injected into one vessel and no drainage is allowed; this expands all vessels with fluid. NO cavity aspiration is allowed so as to not harm the anatomy of the internal organs

Answer 22

anatomical embalming

Question 23

• to undergo destructive dissolution; implies a slow change from a state of soundness
• decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria

Answer 23

decay

Question 24

to separate into constituent pars or elements or into simpler compounds; by chemical process

Answer 24

decompose

Question 25

the science of treating the dead human body chemically to temporarily inhibit decomposition

Answer 25

preservation

Question 26

chemicals that inactivate saprophytic bacteria, render unsuitable for nutrition the media upon which such bacteria thrive, and that will arrest decomposition by altering enzymes and lysins of the body as well as converting the decomposable tissue to a form less susceptible to decomp

Answer 26

preservative

Question 27

the decomposition of organic matter

Answer 27

putrefaction

Question 28

a process to promote and establish conditions that minimize or eliminate biohazards

Answer 28

sanitation

Question 29

a substance acted upon by an enzyme in the living organism or embalming chemicals in preserving the dead body

Answer 29

substrate

Question 30

the prevent or retard an unwanted alteration of a physical state. slowing the onset of the changes of decomposition by the use of refrigeration, dry or wet ice and the injection of non formaldehyde fluids

Answer 30

stabilize

Question 31

what is combined to form a latticework of inert firm material so that the embalmed tissue can no longer be easily broken down by bacterial or autolytic body enzymes?

Answer 31

chemicals and proteins

Question 32

what has many reactive centers and are able to hold water?

Answer 32

body proteins

Question 33

What does embalming do to body proteins?

Answer 33

Destroys the reactive centers and the new protein substance (embalming chemical) is no longer able to hold water, thus are more stable and longer lasting

Question 34

What is the goal of restoration?

Answer 34

try to lessen the evidence of devastation caused by long-term disease and illness, extended us of drug therapies, surgery, tumors, trauma, disfigurements and postmortem changes which all have effected the areas of body that will be viewed.

Question 35

What can injection of the proper embalming chemicals do?

Answer 35

1. restore facial tissues 2. decrease facial swellings 3. remove postmortem intravascular discolorations 4. reduce extravascular blood discolorations 5. restore natural facial coloring

Question 36

process of arterial embalming

Answer 36

during arterial embalming, a preservative chemical solution is injected into a major artery(s), and while this is being done, the blood is displaced and simultaneously drained from a vein

Question 37

What is the order of cavity and arterial embalming?

Answer 37

1. arterial | 2. cavity

Question 38

Where does the preservative solution not flow through while embalming?

Answer 38

The heart

Question 39

How does the embalming solution flow outside the heart?

Answer 39

The solution travels to the ascending aorta where it places pressure on the aortic semilunar valves, forcing them to close. After the valves are tightly shut, the ascending aorta, arch of the aorta and the entire aorta get filled with the preservative solution which now flows through the branches of the circulatory system.

Question 40

simplest division of the blood vascular system?

Answer 40

capillary system

Question 41

why is the capillary system is the simplest division of the blood vascular system?

Answer 41

it is the structural mediator through which the injected preservative chemicals that are delivered to the receptive tissue sites

Question 42

What is another name for arterial embalming?

Answer 42

capillary embalming

Question 43

Why do we need to embalm in the cavity?

Answer 43

because the organ in the cavity are not embalmed by arterial embalming

Question 44

How are the liquids or gases taken out of the cavity?

Answer 44

By aspiration of a trocar

Question 45

what tools are used for hypodermic embalming?

Answer 45

syringe, needle, or a variety of trocars

Question 46

When is hypodermic embalming used?

Answer 46

When perservative chemicals don't reach an area by arterial embalming

Question 47

How is surface embalming applied?

Answer 47

aerosol, liquid, gel or applied by a cotton (surface compress)

Question 48

What is the primary concern for cadavers used at medical schools?

Answer 48

preservation and sanitation of the tissues

Question 49

What type of document should be written for every deceased?

Answer 49

embalming care report

Question 50

Why is the embalming report important for embalmers?

Answer 50

it has significant value in situations of trauma if the embalmers testimony for the condition of the body is needed for legal proceeding.

Question 51

What are the 5 aspects that the embalming report should have?

Answer 51

1. condition of the body before prep 2. manner and methods of the prep 3. any postembalming treatments 4. date and time of arrival, start/end times of prep and who prepped deceased

Question 52

what are the two basic sequences for all deceased

Answer 52

1.universal precautions 2. identification

Question 53

where do all medical waste and body bags belong after use?

Answer 53

biohazard container

Question 54

Why do embalmers prefer to suture incisions after a prep?

Answer 54

because aspirating will relieve the pressure on the vascular system and reduces the risk for incision leakage

Question 55

how is the rate of flow for embalming determined?

Answer 55

by embalming analysis

Question 56

What are the 3 questions that should be asked during injecting of the embalming solution?

Answer 56

1. Which body areas are/aren't receiving arterial solution? 2. should the strength of the solution be increased? 3. has the body or body are received sufficient amount of arterial solution?

Question 57

an instrument used to clamp an accompanying vein to control drainage

Answer 57

hemostat

Question 58

What do hemostat's clamp on to, to control drainage?

Answer 58

accompanying veins