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First Aid Gastrointestinal > Embryo/Anatomy > Flashcards

Embryo/Anatomy Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

Extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds, not covered by peritoneum

A

Gastroschisis

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2
Q

Persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, sealed by peritoneum

A

Omphalocele

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3
Q

Failure of Rostral fold closure

A

Sternal Defects

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4
Q

Failure of Lateral fold closure

A

Omphalocele, Gastroschisis

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5
Q

Failure of Caudal fold closure

A

Bladder Exstrophy

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6
Q

Failure to recanalize

A

duodenal atresia (assoc with Downs)

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7
Q

Apple Peel atresia due to vascular accident

A

Jejunal, ileal, colonic atresia

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8
Q

When midgut herniates through umbilical ring

A

6th week

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9
Q

when midgut returns to abdominal cavity and rotates around SMA

A

10th weeks

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10
Q

Most common traceoesophageal anomalies

A

esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula

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11
Q

Drooling, choking, and vomiting with first feeding

A

Tracheoesophageal Anomalies

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12
Q

Pure Tracheoesophageal fistula

A

H-type Tracheoesophageal Anomalies

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13
Q

Gasless Abdomen on CXR

A

Pure esophageal atresia

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14
Q

Palpable olive mass is epigastric region

A

Congenital pyloric stenosis

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15
Q

Nonbilious projectile vomiting at 2-6wks

A

Congenital Pyloric Stenosis

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16
Q

Ventral Pancreatic buds

A

Pancreatic head and main pancreatic duct, Uncinate process

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17
Q

Dorsal Pancreatic Bud

A

Body, tail, isthmus, and accessory pancreatic duct

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18
Q

Annular pancreas

A

ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum; causes duodenal narrowing

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19
Q

Pancreas divisum

A

ventral and dorsal pancreas fail to fuse at 8weeks

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20
Q

Failure of vitelline duct to involute

A

Meckel Diverticulum

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21
Q

Hepatoduodenal Ligament

A

Portal Triad: proper hepatic artery, portal vein, common bile duct

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22
Q

Pringle Maneuver

A

Compression of the hepatoduodenal ligament to control bleeding

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23
Q

Connects liver to the anterior abdominal wall

A

Falciform ligament

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24
Q

Fetal umbilical vein

A

Falciform ligament

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25
Ligamentum teres hepatis
Within Falciform ligament
26
Liver to lesser curvature of stomach
Gastrohepatic ligament, contains gastric arteries
27
Gastrocolic ligament
contaiins gastroepiploic arteries, from greater curvature to TV colon
28
Contains left gastroepiploic vessels, separates greater and lesser sacs on the left
Gastrosplenic ligament
29
Spleen to posterior abdominal wall
Splenorenal ligament, contains the splenic artery and vein, tail of pancreas
30
Layer of gut wall with Myenteric (Auerbach) nerve plexus
Muscularis externa
31
Layer of gut wall with Meissner plexus
Submucosa
32
Basal electrical rhythm in Stomach, Duodenum and Ileum
Stomach - 3waves/min Duodenum - 12 waves/min Ileum - 8-9waves/min
33
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Esophagus
34
Brunner's glands
Duodenum
35
Plicae Circulares
jejunum and prox ileum
36
Peyers Patches
Ileum
37
Largest # of Goblet cells in small intestin
Ileum
38
3rd part of duodenum is entrapped
SMA syndrome
39
Celiac artery
vagus, level T12/L1, pharynx to prox duodenum, liver, GB, pancreas, spleen
40
SMA
Vagus, level L1, distal duodenum to prox 2/3 TV colon
41
IMA
Pelvic, level L3, Distal 1/3 TV colon to upper rectum
42
Branches of Celiac Trunk
Common hepatic, splenic, left gastric
43
Superior epigastric (internal thoracic/mammary) anastamoses with
Inferior epigastric (external iliac)
44
Superior Pancreaticoduodenal (celiac trunk) anastamoses with
Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal (SMA)
45
Middle Colic (SMA) anastamoses with
Left Colic (IMA)
46
Superior Rectal (IMA) anastamoses with
Inferior Rectal (internal iliac)
47
Left gastric vein(portal) anastamoses with
esophageal vein (systemic)
48
Paraumbilical vein (portal) anastamoses with
small epigastric veins of anterior abdomonial wall (systemic)
49
Superior rectal vein (portal) anastamoses with
middle and inferior rectal veins (systemic)
50
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)
between portal vein and hepatic vein percutaneously relieve portal HTN by shunting blood to the systemic circulation
51
Pectinate Line
When endoderm (hind gut) meets ectoderm
52
Internal hemorrhoids
Above pectinate line, not painful superior rectal artery (IMA) superior rectal vein (portal)
53
Lymph drainage above pectinate line
Deep Nodes
54
External Hemorrhoids
Below pectinate line, painful inferior rectal artery (int. pudendal artery) inferior rectal vein (drains to int pudendal v then internal iliac vein and IVC)
55
Lymphatic drainage below pectinate line
Superficial inguinal nodes
56
Innervation for external hemorrhoids
inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve, thus painful
57
Affected 1st by Viral Hepatitis
Zone 1, periportal zone
58
Affected 1st by ingested toxins
Zone 1, periportal zone
59
Affected 1st by ischemia
Zone 3, pericentral vein or centrilobular zone
60
Contains cytochrome P450 system
Zone 3, pericentral vein or centrilobular zone
61
Most sensitive to metabolic toxins
Zone 3, pericentral vein or centrilobular zone
62
Site of Alcoholic Hepatitis
Zone 3, pericentral vein or centrilobular zone
63
Space of Disse
lymphatic drainage for liver
64
Blood Flow in liver
Zone 1 to Zone 3 (central vein)
65
Bile Flow in liver
Zone 3 to Zone 1 (bile ductule)
66
Gallstone in ampulla of Vater
block both bile duct and pancreatic ducts
67
Tumors in head of pancreas
Can obstruct common bile duct
68
Femoral triangle
Lateral to Medial NAVeL | femoral nerve, artery, vein, lymph
69
Femoral Sheath
3-4cm below inguinal ligament | femoral vein, artery and deep inguinal LN
70
Site of protrusion of indirect hernia
Internal inguinal ring
71
Site of protrusion of direct hernia
Abdominal Wall | Lateral to medial umbilical ligament and medial to inferior epigastric vessels
72
Where internal spermatic fascia is from
transversalis fascia
73
where cremasteria muscle/fascia is from
internal oblique
74
where external spermatic fascia is from
external oblique
75
Hourglass stomach
Sliding hiatal hernia
76
fundus protrudes into thorax, Lung hypoplasia in young
Paraesophageal Hernia
77
Defective development of pleuroperitoneal membrane
Diaphragmatic hernia
78
Hernia through internal (deep) inguinal ring
Indirect hernia (in spermatic cord)
79
Hernia in infants
Indirect hernia
80
Failure of processes vaginalis to close
indirect hernia or hydrocele
81
Medial to inferior epigastric artery
Direct hernia
82
Protrudes through Hesselbach triangle
Direct Hernia
83
Hernia in Older men
Direct Hernia
84
Protrudes below inguinal ligament
Femoral Hernia (more common in females)
85
Leading cause of Bowel incarceration
Femoral Hernia
86
Hesselbach Triangle
inferior epigastric, lateral border of rectus abdominus, inguinal ligament
87
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First Aid Gastrointestinal (5 decks)

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