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First Aid Gastrointestinal > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Most common tumor of salivary glands

A

Pleomorphic Adenoma

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2
Q

Mobile, painless, circumscribed mass at angle of jaw made of stromal and epithelial tissue usually in parotid

A

Pleomorphic Adenoma

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3
Q

Benign cystic tumor with germinal centers, abundant lymphocytes in Parotid

A

Warthin Tumor

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4
Q

Most common malignant tumor and has mucinous and squamous components. Painless slow growing mass, usually in Parotid. Commonly involves facial nerve

A

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

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5
Q

Inflammation of salivary glands. Most commonly due to an obstructing stone leading to a unilateral S. aureus infection.

A

Sialoadenitis

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6
Q

Bird’s Beak

A

Achalasia

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7
Q

Chagas Disease

A

Achalasia

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8
Q

High LES opening pressure and uncoordinated peristalsis

A

Achalasia

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9
Q

Transmural, usually distal, esophageal rupture due to violent retching; Sx emergency

A

Boerhaave Syndrome

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10
Q

Lye ingestion and acid reflux

A

Esophageal Strictures

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11
Q

Painless bleeding of dilated mubmucosal veins in lower 1/3 of esophagus secondary to portal HTN

A

Esophageal varices

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12
Q

White pseudomembrane in esophagus

A

Candida esophagitis

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13
Q

Punched out ulcers in esophagus

A

HSV-1, esophagitis

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14
Q

Linear Ulcers in esophagus

A

CMV esophagitis

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15
Q

Nocturnal cough and dyspnea, adult onset asthma, regurgitation upon lying down

A

GERD

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16
Q

Mucosal lacerations at GE Jx due to severe vomiting, Alcoholic and Bulemics

A

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

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17
Q

Esophageal webs, iron deficiency anemia, and glossitis

A

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

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18
Q

esophageal smooth muscle atrophy, acid reflux and dysphagia, leads to stricture, Barretts, and aspiration

A

Sclerodermal esophageal dysmotility (part of CREST)

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19
Q

replacement of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with intestinal noncilated columnar with goblet cells

A

Barrett Esophagus

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20
Q

Acquired defect in muscular wall, above upper esophageal sphincter, Dysphagia, Obstruction, Halitosis

A

Zenker Diverticulum

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21
Q

Causes of SCC of esophagus

A

alcohol, cigarettes, diverticula, esophageal web, hot liquids
most common worldwide, upper 2/3 esophagus

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22
Q

Causes of Adenocarcinoma of esophagus

A

Barrett, Cigarettes, Obesity, GERD

More common in the US, in lower 1/3 esophagus

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23
Q

Curling Ulcer

A

Can be caused by stress, NSAIDs, alcohol, uremia, burns

Decrease in plasma volume and gastric mucosa sloughs off (reason they put patients in ICU on PPIs esp with shock)

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24
Q

Cushing Ulcer

A

increased ICP, increase vagal stimulation to increase H+ production

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25
Type A Chronic Gastritis
Fundus/body of stomach, from Autoimmune disoders characterized by Ab towards parietal cells, pernicious Anemia, and Achlorhydria
26
Type B Chronic Gastritis
Antrum of stomach, caused by H. pylori, increase in MALT lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma Tx with Triple Therapy
27
Gastric hypertrophy with protein loss, parietal cell atrophy, and incresed mucous cells. Rugae of stomach are hypertrophied that they look like a brain
Menetrier Dx
28
Intestinal Type Stomach Cancer
Associated with H. pylori, dietary nitrosamines (smoked food), tobacco, achlorhydria and chronic gastritis Lesser curvature, looks like ulcer with raised margins BLOOD TYPE A
29
Diffuse Type Stomach Cancer
Signet ring cells, stomach is grossly thickened and leathery (linitis plastica)
30
Virchow Node
Involvement of left supraclavicular node by metastasis from stomach
31
Krukenberg Tumor
BL metastases to ovaries from stomach cancer. Abundant mucus, signet rings
32
Sister Mary Joseph Nodule
Subcutaneous periumbilical metastasis
33
Pain increases with meals and the patient losses weight
Peptic Gastric Ulcer
34
Ulcer usually in older patients
Peptic Gastric Ulcer Disease
35
Ulcer associated with ZE syndrome
Peptic Duodenal Ulcer
36
100% associated with H. pylori
Peptic Duodenal Ulcer
37
Hypertrophy of Brunner Glands
Peptic Duodenal Ulcer
38
Pain decreases with meals, these patients gain weight
Peptic Duodenal Ulcer
39
Artery most commonly affected with rupture of posterior duodenal ulcer
gastroduodenal artery
40
Rupture of gastric ulcer
ulcer usually on lesser curvature, bleeding from left gastric artery
41
Anterior perforation of duodenal ulcer
free air under diaphragm
42
Bronchospasm, Diarrhea, Flushing of Skin
Carcinoid Syndrome
43
Damage to small bowel (jejunum and ileum) villi after recent visit to tropics, treated with antibiotics
Tropical Sprue
44
PAS (+)
Whipple Dx
45
Gram (+) bacteria affecting the lamina propria of small bowel, synovium of joints, cardiac valves, LN and CNS
T. whipplei
46
Intolerance of gliadin
Celaic Sprue
47
HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8
Celiac Sprue
48
Anti-endomysial
Celiac Sprue
49
Anti-tissue transglutaminase
Celiac Sprue
50
Blunting of villi, decreased absorption primarily in distal duodenum and prox ileum
Celiac Sprue
51
dermatitis herpetiformis
Celiac Sprue
52
IgA deposition at tips of dermal papillae, resolves with gluten-free diet
Celiac Sprue - Dermatitis herpetiformis
53
Most common lactase deficiency
Disaccharidase deficiency
54
Osmotic diarrhea
Lactose intolerance
55
Inability to generate chylomicrons therefore decrease secretion of cholesterol, VLDL into blood
Abetalipoproteinemia
56
Fat Accumulation in enterocytes
Abetalipoproteinemia
57
decrease in both ApoB48 and ApoB100
Abetalipoproteinemia
58
Early childhood failure to thrive, steatorrhea, acanthocytosis, atazia and night blindness
Abetalipoproteinemia
59
Increase in neutral fat in stool
Pancreatic Insufficiency
60
D-xylose absorption test
normal urinary excretion = Pancreatic Insufficiency | decrease excretion = intestinal mucosa defects or bacterial overgrowth
61
Enteropathy Associated T-cell Lymphoma
associated with Celiac Sprue
62
Positive Chromogranin
Carcinoid Tumor
63
5-HIAA in urine
Carcinoid Tumor
64
Skip lesions, rectal sparing
Crohn Disease
65
Disease that starts at rectum and continually moves its way up the GI tract
Ulcerative Colitis
66
Transmural inflammation of GI tract
Crohn Disease
67
string sign
Crohn Disease
68
Cobble Stone Mucosa
Crohn Disease
69
non-caseating granuloma and lymphoid aggregates
Crohn Disease
70
Associated with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Ulcerative Colitis
71
Tx of Crohns
Corticosteroids, azathrioprine, methotrexate, infliximab, adalimumab
72
Tx of Ulcerative Colitis
ASA preparations (sulfasalazine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy
73
Lead Pipe
Ulcerative Colitis
74
Crypt Abscesses and ulcers
Ulcerative Colitis
75
Th1 mediated
Crohn Dx
76
Th2 mediated
Ulcerative Colitis
77
Complications of Ulcerative Colitis
sclerosis cholangitis, toxic megacolon, colorectal carcinoma (10yrs with dx), malnutrition
78
Pain improves with defecation, Change in stool frequency, change in appearance of stool
IBS
79
Adult appendicitis
obstruction by fecalith
80
Child Appendicitis
Lymphoid Hyperplasia
81
Rovsing Sign
Apendicitis
82
All 3 gut wall layers outpouch
True diverticulum
83
Only mucosa and submucosa outpouch
False or pseudodiverticulum
84
#1 area of diverticulum
Sigmoid colon
85
Many false diverticula of the colon caused by increased intraluminal pressure and focal weakness of colon wall
Diverticulosis
86
LLQ pain, fever, leukocytosis
Diverticulitis
87
May cause colovesical fistula
Diverticulitis
88
"left-sided" appendicitis
DIverticulitis
89
Killian Triangle Herniation
Zenker diverticulum, between thyropharyngeal and cricopharyngeal parts of inferior pharyngeal constrictor
90
Melena, RLQ pain, intusseception, volvulus, or obstruction near terminal ileum
Meckel Diverticulum
91
the 5 2's
Meckel Diverticulum, 2inches long, 2 feet from ileocecal valve, 2% of population, commonly presents in first 2 years of life, 2 types of epithelia (gastric/pancreatic)
92
Pertechnetate study for uptake by gastric ectopic mucosa
How Meckel is diagnosed
93
Intermittent abdominal pain with "currant jelly" stools
Intussusception
94
Telescoping of a bowel segment
Intussesception
95
Twisting of bowel around its mesentery
Volvulus
96
Sigmoid Volvulus
Old people
97
Midgut/Cecum Volvulus
Young peopple
98
Failure of neural crest cell migration in colon, assoc with RET mutation
Hirschsprung
99
Fibrous band of scar tissue; commonly forms after surgery
Adhesion
100
Tortuous dilation of vessels that can lead to hematochezia
Angiodysplasia
101
Double bubble on X ray
Duodenal Atresia
102
early bilous vomiting with proximal stomach distention
duodenal atresia (assoc with Downs)
103
Failure of small bowel to recanalize
Duodenal Atresia
104
Intestinal hypomotility without obstruction
Ileus
105
Associated with abdominal surgeries, opiates, hypokalemia, and sepsis
Ileus
106
Pain after eating causing weightloss, commonly occurs at splenic flexure and distal colon (reduced blood flow)
Ischemic Colitis
107
Atherosclerosis of SMA
Ischemic Colitis
108
Cystic Fibrosis, meconium plug that obstructs the intestine preventing stool passage
Meconium Ileus
109
Necrosis of intestinal mucosa and possible perforation
Necrotizing enterocolitis
110
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasias
Freq nose bleeds, GI bleeds from thinned walled BVs
111
Most common non-neoplastic polyp in colon
Hyperplastic Polyp
112
villous polyp
More likely to be cancerous
113
APC gene mutation, kRAS mutation, p53
Adenomatous Polyp becoming cancer
114
Multiple Juvenile Polyps in GI tract
Juvenile polyposis syndrome
115
Autosomal Dominant Syndrome, mult. nonmalignant hamartomas throughout GI tract, hyperpigmented mouth, lips, hands and genitalia
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
116
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First Aid Gastrointestinal (5 decks)

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