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Neuro I > embryo II > Flashcards

embryo II Flashcards

1
Q

How does the neural tube form

A

begins with formation of neural plate, lateral edges elevate and make neural groove
the neural groove then fuses

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2
Q

when do the cranial and caudal neuropores of the nueral tube close

A

cranial closes day 25

caudal closes day 27

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3
Q

what does the neural tube become

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

Where do neural crest cells come from

A

neuroectoderm as the neural tube is closing

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5
Q

what do cranial neural crest cells become

A

bones, cartilag, fascia, ligaments and tendons of face and neck
sensory ganglia, autonomic ganglia

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6
Q

what do the spinal neural crest cells become

A

DRG, autonomic ganglia and the fibrous skeleteon of heart

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7
Q

what do both the spinal and cranial neural crest cells become

A

meninges schwann cells and melanocytes

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8
Q

which part of neural tube becomes spinal cord

A

caudal to 4th pair of somites

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9
Q

what are the 3 different regions that form in the nueral tube because of migration

A

ventricular, mantle and marginal zones

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10
Q

In the embryo what is the ventricular zone in neural tube

A

neuroepithelium-pseudostratified

gives rise to neurons and glia

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11
Q

In the adult what is the vetnricular zone from neural tube

A

simple layer ependymal cells

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12
Q

What is the mantle zone of spinal cord in development

A

superficial to neuroepithelium
neuronal cell bodies
have alar and basal plates that are separated by sulcus limitans

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13
Q

what do the alar and basal plates become in development of spinal cord

A

alar forms sensory dorsal horn

basal forms motor ventral horn

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14
Q

describe marginal zone of spinal cord developmentally

A

outermost layer, have nerve processes like axons and dendrites

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15
Q

What type of cells come from neuroepithelium

A

neuroblasts and gliablasts

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16
Q

what do the neuroblasts become

A

ventral motor horn neurons and dorsal sensory horn neurons

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17
Q

what do the gliablasts become

A

astrocytes and oligodendrocytes

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18
Q

What make up a spinal n

A

ventral nerve root + dorsal nerve root

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19
Q

dorsal spinal nn inn what areas

A

muscles skin joints of back

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20
Q

ventral rami from spinal nn inn what areas

A

limbs, ventral body wall

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21
Q

What are the vesicles in the cranial part of neural tube

A

prosenecephalon (forebrain)
mesencephalon (midbrain)
rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

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22
Q

what are the portions of the prosencehalon

A

telencephalon and diencephalon

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23
Q

what are the portions of the rhombencephalon

A

metencephalon

myelencephalon

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24
Q

what are the flexures of the cranial portion neural tube

A

cervical, cephalic and pontine

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25
Q

what are the ventricles of the brain derived from

A

4th- lumen rhombencephalon
cerebral aquaduct- lumen mesencephalon
3rd- lumen of diencephalon
lateral- lumen of telencephalon

26
Q

what develops to become choroid plexus

A

tela choroidea which is pia mater and ependymal cells

27
Q

what areas of the brain make up the brainstem

A

mesencephalon and rhombencephalon

28
Q

how does gray matter differ as the alar and basal plates ascend into brainstem

A

discrete nuclei instead of columns, sensory nuclei are displaced laterally b/c of pontine flexure

29
Q

what is the myelencephalon

A

medulla

30
Q

what CN is the myelencephalon associ with

A

VIII IX X XII

31
Q

what layer of nueral tube forms most of pons

A

marginal layer

32
Q

what CN are assoc with the metencephalon

A

V VI VII VIII

33
Q

what is the metencephalon

A

pons

34
Q

what forms the cerebellum

A

alar plates of metencephalon (rhombic lips)

fuse and form cerebellar plate

35
Q

how come gray matter is external and white matter internal

A

waves of neuroblasts migrate from alar plate through marginal layer to form outer cerebellar cortex

36
Q

What forms midbrain

A

mesencephalon

37
Q

what CN are assoc with mesencephalon

A

III IV

38
Q

What structures arise from diencephalon

A

optic vessels(CN II), pineal gland, thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland

39
Q

what is in the epithalamus

A

choroid plexus and pineal gland

40
Q

what do the alar plates become in diencephalon

A

2 swellings separated by hypothalamic sulcus
superior-thalamus
inferior-hypothalamus

41
Q

describe where neurohypophysis and adenohyphysis come from

A

neurohypophysis from downgrowth of diencephalon neuroectoderm
adenohypophysis from upgrowth of oral ectoderm

42
Q

What does the telencephalon become

A

cerebral hemispheres and corpus striatum

43
Q

describe how in cerebral Cx gray matter is superficial

A

waves of neuroblasts migrating through radial glial cells in marginal zone, youngest cells form most external layer

44
Q

what is the corpus striatum

A

swelling in floor of cerebral hemispheres

45
Q

what CN is assoc with telencephlaon

A

olfactory tract and bulb

46
Q

What are the main spinal neural tube defects

A

spina bifida occulta

spina bifida cystic

47
Q

What is meroencephaly or anencephaly

A

failure of brain to form

48
Q

what is craniorachischisis

A

closure defect of cranial end neural tube extends into spinal cord

49
Q

what is microcephalys

A

small cranium from brain undervelopment

50
Q

What causes an encephalocele

A

defect in skull (usually occipital) allowing portions of CNS to protrude in cyst like way from skull

51
Q

what is a meningocele

A

only meninges bulge through defect in skull

52
Q

what is a meningoencephalocele

A

meninges and part of brain bulge into defect of skull

53
Q

what is an meningohydroencephalocele

A

meninges, brain, and part of ventricular system bulge thorugh skull

54
Q

what is congenital hyrocephalus

A

increased CSF within ventricles, imbalance of production and absorption CSF
results in dilation of ventricles and skull expands
causes thinning of bones of calvaria

55
Q

What is Arnold chiari syndrome

A

herniations of cerebellar hemispheres through foramen magnum; underdevelopment of posteiror cranial fossa
often assoc with spina bifida cystica

56
Q

what is holoprosencephaly

A

failure of forebrain neural tube to form cerebral hemispheres.
fore brain is underdeveloped and the lateral ventricles are fused

57
Q

what is the only endocrine gland to come from neural tube

A

pineal gland

58
Q

what is the cranial-most portion of neural tube

A

diencephalon, because lamina terminals closes there

59
Q

root cause of spina bifida

A

neural tube does not fuse, so then vertebral arch does not fuse (posteriorly)

60
Q

what are the 2 most common sites of ventricular blockage

A

interventricular foramina

cerebral aquaduct

Neuro I (9 decks)

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