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Neuro I > embryology I > Flashcards

embryology I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 components of the pharyngeal apparatus

A

pharyngeal clefts, pharyngeal arches, and pouches

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2
Q

what is the derivative of the 4 pharyngeal clefts

A

ectoderm

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3
Q

what do the pharygeal arches arise from

A

core of mesenchyme (neural crest and paraxial mesoderm)

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4
Q

what does the neural crest of pharyngeal arches give rise to

A

CT

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5
Q

what does the paraxial mesoderm of pharygeal arches give rise to

A

muscles

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6
Q

how many pharyngeal arches are there and describe inn and blood supply

A

6, each has own CN and an aortic arch artery

the 5th regresses leaving 1-4 and 6

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7
Q

what do the pharyngeal pouches arise from

A

pharyngeal endoderm, 4 pouches

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8
Q

What are the skeletal derivatives of the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

viscerocranium (melleus, incus) and CT of face

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9
Q

what are the muscular derivatives of the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

muscles of mastication: temporal is, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids
anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tenosr veli palatini

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10
Q

What nn inn 1st pharyngeal arch

A

trigeminal, mandibular V3

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11
Q

what membrane forms between the processes of the first pharyngeal arch

A

oropharyngeal membrane

outer layer of ectoderm and inner layer of endoderm

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12
Q

Know that the nerves of the arches are the only CN that have SVE component

A

V3, facial, vagus, glossopharyngeal

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13
Q

When does the oropharyngeal membrane rupture and allows communication between what 2 structures

A

day 26, communication between pharynx and oral cavity

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14
Q

What are the skeletal derivatives of the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

stapes, styloid process of temporal bone

stylohyoid lig, lesser horn and superior portion of hyoid

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15
Q

what are the muscular derivatives of the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

muscles of facial expression

also stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, stapedius

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16
Q

what n inn the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

facial CN VII

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17
Q

what are the skeletal derivatives of the 3rd pharyngeal arch

A

greater horn and infeiror portion of body of hyoid bone

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18
Q

what are the muscular derivatives of the 3rd pharyngeal arch

A

stylopharyngeus

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19
Q

what n inn the 3rd pharyngeal arch

A

CN IX glossopharyngeal

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20
Q

what are the skeletal derivatives of the 4th pharyngeal arch

A

all laryngeal cartilages (with 6th arch)

21
Q

what are the muscular derivatives of the 4th pharyngeal arch

A

muscles of pharynx(except stylopharyngeus) and cricothyroid

22
Q

what n inn the 4th pharyngeal arch

A

Vagus CN X

23
Q

what are the skeletal derivatives of the 6th pharyngeal arch

A

all laryngeal cartilages with arch 4

24
Q

what are the muscle derivatives of the 6th pharyngeal arch

A

laryngeal mm(not cricothyroid) and skel m of the esophagus

25
Q

what n inn the 6th pharyngeal arch

A

Vagus X - recurrent laryngeal n

26
Q

What does the 1st pharyngeal pouch become

A

formation of middle ear and auditory tube

27
Q

what does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch become

A

stroma of palatine tonsil, tonsillar fossa

28
Q

what does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch become

A

dorsal- inferior parathyroid glands

ventral- thymus

29
Q

What does the 4th pharyngeal pouch become

A

dorsal- superior parathyroid gland

ventral- ultimobranchial body

30
Q

What does the first pharyngeal cleft become

A

external ear- TM and external auditory meatus

31
Q

what happens to the pharyngeal clefts 2-4

A

the second arch overgrows and buries the clefts and so they become the cervical sinus that gets obliterated

32
Q

What is the thyroid gland derived from

A

median endodermal thickening of pharyngeal floor

33
Q

how does the thyroid gland stay connected to the tongue as it descends

A

thyroglossal duct- degenerates week 7

34
Q

which opening of the thyroglossal duct remains open

A

superior called foramen cecum

35
Q

what is a pyramidal lobe of thryoid gland

A

remnant of distal thyroglossal duct

36
Q

the parafollicular C cells in thyroid gland are derived form what

A

ultimobranchial body of 4th pouch

37
Q

what forms the body(ant 2/3) of the tongue

A

1st pharyngeal arch so receives GSA trigeminal

somati because coming from ectoderm

38
Q

What forms the roof or posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

3rd arch so GVA from CN IX, glossopharyngeal

39
Q

what forms the epiglottic region of tongue

A

4th arch so GVA from CN X vagus

40
Q

the muscle of the tongue is derived from what

A

paraxial mesoderm of occipital somites

41
Q

what causes ectopic thyroid and parathyroid tissue

A

remnants along course of migration

42
Q

What causes lateral cervical cysts or branchial cysts

A

when the cervical sinus fails to degenerate, found along anterior border SCM

43
Q

What causes branchial fistulas

external and internal

A

when second arch fails to overgrow 3rd and 4th arches, cervical sinus will retain connection with surface causing and external fistula
internal is caused when lateral cervical cysts opens into pharynx

44
Q

Where are thyroglossal cysts found and why

A

near midline of the neck because remnant of thyroglossal duct

45
Q

What are examples of neural crest migration defects in the face

A

treacher collins syndrome, robins sequence, DiGeorge Anomaly

46
Q

What are the components of DiGeorge Syndrome

A 
deletion long arm chromosome 22 CATCH 22
cardiac anomalies
chrom 22
abnormal facies
thymic hypoplasia
parathyroid dysfunction
47
Q

What is a main sign of parathyroid dysfunction

A

hypocalcemia

48
Q

Neural crest disorders always present with what type defects

A

craniofacial

Neuro I (9 decks)

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