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Neuro I > embryology I > Flashcards

embryology I Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 3 components of the pharyngeal apparatus

A

pharyngeal clefts, pharyngeal arches, and pouches

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2
Q

what is the derivative of the 4 pharyngeal clefts

A

ectoderm

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3
Q

what do the pharygeal arches arise from

A

core of mesenchyme (neural crest and paraxial mesoderm)

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4
Q

what does the neural crest of pharyngeal arches give rise to

A

CT

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5
Q

what does the paraxial mesoderm of pharygeal arches give rise to

A

muscles

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6
Q

how many pharyngeal arches are there and describe inn and blood supply

A

6, each has own CN and an aortic arch artery

the 5th regresses leaving 1-4 and 6

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7
Q

what do the pharyngeal pouches arise from

A

pharyngeal endoderm, 4 pouches

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8
Q

What are the skeletal derivatives of the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

viscerocranium (melleus, incus) and CT of face

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9
Q

what are the muscular derivatives of the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

muscles of mastication: temporal is, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids
anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tenosr veli palatini

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10
Q

What nn inn 1st pharyngeal arch

A

trigeminal, mandibular V3

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11
Q

what membrane forms between the processes of the first pharyngeal arch

A

oropharyngeal membrane

outer layer of ectoderm and inner layer of endoderm

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12
Q

Know that the nerves of the arches are the only CN that have SVE component

A

V3, facial, vagus, glossopharyngeal

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13
Q

When does the oropharyngeal membrane rupture and allows communication between what 2 structures

A

day 26, communication between pharynx and oral cavity

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14
Q

What are the skeletal derivatives of the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

stapes, styloid process of temporal bone

stylohyoid lig, lesser horn and superior portion of hyoid

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15
Q

what are the muscular derivatives of the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

muscles of facial expression

also stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, stapedius

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16
Q

what n inn the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

facial CN VII

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17
Q

what are the skeletal derivatives of the 3rd pharyngeal arch

A

greater horn and infeiror portion of body of hyoid bone

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18
Q

what are the muscular derivatives of the 3rd pharyngeal arch

A

stylopharyngeus

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19
Q

what n inn the 3rd pharyngeal arch

A

CN IX glossopharyngeal

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20
Q

what are the skeletal derivatives of the 4th pharyngeal arch

Study These Flashcards
A

all laryngeal cartilages (with 6th arch)

21
Q

what are the muscular derivatives of the 4th pharyngeal arch

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A

muscles of pharynx(except stylopharyngeus) and cricothyroid

22
Q

what n inn the 4th pharyngeal arch

23
Q

what are the skeletal derivatives of the 6th pharyngeal arch

Study These Flashcards
A

all laryngeal cartilages with arch 4

24
Q

what are the muscle derivatives of the 6th pharyngeal arch

Study These Flashcards
A

laryngeal mm(not cricothyroid) and skel m of the esophagus

25
what n inn the 6th pharyngeal arch
Vagus X - recurrent laryngeal n
26
What does the 1st pharyngeal pouch become
formation of middle ear and auditory tube
27
what does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch become
stroma of palatine tonsil, tonsillar fossa
28
what does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch become
dorsal- inferior parathyroid glands | ventral- thymus
29
What does the 4th pharyngeal pouch become
dorsal- superior parathyroid gland | ventral- ultimobranchial body
30
What does the first pharyngeal cleft become
external ear- TM and external auditory meatus
31
what happens to the pharyngeal clefts 2-4
the second arch overgrows and buries the clefts and so they become the cervical sinus that gets obliterated
32
What is the thyroid gland derived from
median endodermal thickening of pharyngeal floor
33
how does the thyroid gland stay connected to the tongue as it descends
thyroglossal duct- degenerates week 7
34
which opening of the thyroglossal duct remains open
superior called foramen cecum
35
what is a pyramidal lobe of thryoid gland
remnant of distal thyroglossal duct
36
the parafollicular C cells in thyroid gland are derived form what
ultimobranchial body of 4th pouch
37
what forms the body(ant 2/3) of the tongue
1st pharyngeal arch so receives GSA trigeminal | somati because coming from ectoderm
38
What forms the roof or posterior 1/3 of tongue
3rd arch so GVA from CN IX, glossopharyngeal
39
what forms the epiglottic region of tongue
4th arch so GVA from CN X vagus
40
the muscle of the tongue is derived from what
paraxial mesoderm of occipital somites
41
what causes ectopic thyroid and parathyroid tissue
remnants along course of migration
42
What causes lateral cervical cysts or branchial cysts
when the cervical sinus fails to degenerate, found along anterior border SCM
43
What causes branchial fistulas | external and internal
when second arch fails to overgrow 3rd and 4th arches, cervical sinus will retain connection with surface causing and external fistula internal is caused when lateral cervical cysts opens into pharynx
44
Where are thyroglossal cysts found and why
near midline of the neck because remnant of thyroglossal duct
45
What are examples of neural crest migration defects in the face
treacher collins syndrome, robins sequence, DiGeorge Anomaly
46
What are the components of DiGeorge Syndrome
``` deletion long arm chromosome 22 CATCH 22 cardiac anomalies chrom 22 abnormal facies thymic hypoplasia parathyroid dysfunction ```
47
What is a main sign of parathyroid dysfunction
hypocalcemia
48
Neural crest disorders always present with what type defects
craniofacial

Neuro I (9 decks)

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