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Ant/Post triangles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

roof: investing fascia
anterior: SCM
posterior: trapezius
inferior: clavicle
floor: pre-vertebral fascia covering scalenes and other mm

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2
Q

what divides the post triangle into 2

A

inferior belly omohyoid

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3
Q

what are the 2 triangles in post triangle

A

superior: occiptal
inferior: omoclavicular

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4
Q

what run within post triangle

A

ext jugular, cutaneous nn, CN XI, brachial plexus, inf belly omohyoid, subclavia, transverse cervical a and tributaries, deep cervical lymph nodes

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5
Q

what plexus does the spinal accessory n join with

A

subtrapezial with branches of ventral rami C3 C4

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6
Q

where doesn brachial plexus run in post triangle

A

between ant and middle scalenes

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7
Q

what causes throacic outlet syndrome

A

compression of brachial plexus, hypertrophy of scalenes

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8
Q

what is the axillary sheath an extension of

A

prevertebral fascia

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9
Q

what are the branches of the brachial plexus in neck

A

dorsal scap, accessory phrenic, nerve to subclavius, suprascapular, long thoracic n

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10
Q

which scalene does dorsal scap n pass through and what cervical levels contribute

A

pass through middle scalene

C5

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11
Q

where does accessory phrenic travel and what cord level is it

A

C5 descends parallel to phrenic n on lateral surface of anterior scalene

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12
Q

what cord levels give rise to nerve to subclavius and where does it run

A

C5C6

anterior to brachial plexus and the subclavian vessels and posterior to clavicle

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13
Q

what cord levels give rise to suprascap n and where does it course

A

C5C6

parallels suprascapular vessels to an area of scapular notch to inn supra and infra spinatus

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14
Q

what cord levels give rise to long thoracic n and where does it run

A

C5C6C7

descend into axilla on lateral surface os serratus anterior muscle

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15
Q

what cord levels contribute to the direct inn of scalene mm

A

C5-C8

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16
Q

where does occiptal a branch from

A

external carotid

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17
Q

what n does occipital a run with

A

occiptal n

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18
Q

where do the transverse cervical and suprascapular aa branch from

A

thyrocervical trunk from subclavian a

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19
Q

what a runs in the axillary sheath with brachial plexus

A

subclavian a

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20
Q

what are the branches off subclavian in neck area

A

transverse cervical
suprascapular
dorsal a

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21
Q

describe the nodes found in deep cervical system

A

accessory nodes run with spinal accessory

transverse cervical nodes run with transverse cervical a

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22
Q

where do the accessory nodes receive lymph from

A

occipital nodes and retroauricular nodes

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23
Q

where do the transverse cervical nodes receive lymph from

A

accessory chain of nodes, lateral neck, post thorax, upper ant thoracic wall

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24
Q

describe the boundaries of the anterior triangle

A

roof: investing fascia
anterior: line from symphasis menti to sternal notch
posterior: SCM
superior: inferior margin mandible
floor: structural componenets

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25
What are the 2 groups of mm in atnerior triangle
suprahyoid and infrahyoids
26
what are the suprahyoid mm
digastric, stylohyoid and myohyoid
27
origin and insertion of digastric m
o: anterior belly- digastric fossa of mandible posterior belly- mastoid notch of temporal bone i: hyoid bone via fascial sling from intermediate tendon
28
what are the actions of digastric and inn
elevates hyoid and base of tongue, assists in opening mouth ant belly- mylohyoid N (V3) post belly- digastric branch of VII
29
what are the o and in of stylohyoid
o- post base of styloid process | i- body of hyoid bone near lesser horn
30
action and inn of stylohyoid
action- elevates and retracts the hyoid and base of tongue | inn- digastric branch of facial N VII
31
o and in of mylohyoid
o- mylohyoid line of mandible | i- midline raphe from symphysis menti to body of hyoid bone
32
action and inn of mylohyoid
action- elevates hyoid and floor of mouth, depresses mandible when hyoid is fixed inn- mylohyoid branch of V3
33
What are the infrahyoid mm
sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thryohyoid and omohyoid
34
o and i of sternohyoid
post surface of manubrium at sternoclavicular joint, clavicle and posterior sternoclavicular lig i- inferior margin body of thyroid
35
o and in of sternothyroid
o- posterior surface of manubrium inferior to sternohyoid | i- oblique line of thyroid cartilage
36
action and inn of sternothyroid
action- depresses larynx | inn- ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus
37
action and inn of sternohyoid
action- depresses hyoid and larynx | inn- ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus
38
o and i of thryohyoid
o- oblique line of thryoid cartilage | i- inferior margin of body and greater horn of hyoid
39
action and inn of thyrohyoid
action- depresses hyoid and tongue when larynx is fixed from below; elevates larynx when hyoid is fixed from above inn- C1 via hypoglossal N
40
o and i of omohyoid
o: superior- infeiror margin greater horn hyoid inferior- superior margin of scapula near notch and suprascap ligament i- fascial sling of infrahyoid fascia to clavicle and first rib
41
action and inn of omohyoid
action- stabilizes, retracts and depresses hyoid and larynx | inn- ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus
42
what type of gland is thyroid gland
endocrine
43
what type of cells are endocrine function in thyroid
follicular cells secrete thyroxin | parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin
44
what is the role of calcitonin
decrease circulating Ca
45
where is the thyroid gland located
posterior to sternohyoid and sternothyroid mm
46
what tracheal rings does the isthmus of the thyroid cross
2nd-4th
47
what fascia surrounds thyroid
pretracheal
48
what causes thyroglossal duct cysts
absent pyramidal lobe, ectopic glandular tissue can remain active and descend
49
What aa supply thyroid
superior thyroid and inferior thryoid a | some have thyroid ima a
50
where does superior thryoid a come from
external carotid a
51
What are the major branches of superior thyroid a
superior laryngeal, anterior branch and posterior branch
52
what a runs with the internal laryngeal n that pierces thyrohyoid membrane
superior laryngeal a
53
where does the inferior thyroid a branch from
thyrocervical trunk
54
where does the inferior thyroid a run
behind carotid sheath and sympathetic trunk at level of thyroid cartilage
55
What does the infeiror thyroid a anastomose with
post branches from superior thyroid a
56
what is the thyroid ima a
variable unpaired branch of brachiocephalic or from aortic arch anastomoses with inferior thyroid aa
57
what is clinically important about thyroid ima a
tracheostomy must be done carefullt if patient has this a
58
what vv drain thryoid
superior thryoid, middle and inferior
59
where does the superior thyroid v drain to
internal jugular
60
Where does the middle thyroid v drain to
internal jugular from lateral surface gland
61
where does the inferior thyroid v drain to
drain thyroid gland, esophagus larynx, and trachea into R and L brachiocephalic vv
62
If inferior thyroid vv fuse together where do they drain
L brachiocephalic
63
What nodes are included in lymph drainage of thyroid
pre-laryngeal, pre-tracheal and para-tracheal and superior/inferior deep cervical
64
all lymph from thyroid gland eventually drains where
deep cervical nodes
65
what fibers inn thyroid gland
preganglionic SAN from T1-4 postganglionic SAN from superior middle and cervicothoracic ganglia via sympathetic cardiac nn, superior and infeiror laryngeal nn
66
What are the Parathyroid glands
2-6 small flattened bodies located beneath capsule of thyroid gland superiorly at circoid cartilage and inferiorly at inferior pole of gland
67
What is secreted by parathyroid glands
PTH which helps to increase serum Ca
68
Inadvertent removal of parathyroid gland leads to what
tetany and death
69
how much of the trachea is considered the cervical portion
half
70
what encloses the tracheal rings posteriorly
trachealis m
71
what inn trachealis m
SAN from trunk | PAN from vagus and recurrent laryngeal nn
72
what lays posterior to trachea
esophagus and recurrent laryngeal nn
73
what aa and vv supply trachea
infeiror thryoid aa and vv
74
what is the lymph drainage of trachea
pre-tracheal, para-tracheal, inferior deep cervical
75
which way does the esophagus incline as it descends through neck
left
76
what layrs lateral to the esophagus
thyroid gland, carotid sheatha nd thoracic duct on the left
77
what lays posterior to the esophagus
pre-vertebral fascia over pre-vertebral mm and vertebral column
78
what is the aa and vv to esophagus
inferior thyroid aa and vv
79
lymph drainage of esophagus
paratracheal and inferior deep cervical nodes
80
what inn esophagus
SAN from trunk, both vasomotor and glandular | PAN recurrent laryngeal for muscular tone and glandular

Neuro I (9 decks)

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