Intro lecture

Question 1

What type of shape are the neurons invovled with special senses

Answer 1

bipolar

Question 2

what tyoe of neurons are our primary afferents

Answer 2

pseudounipolar

Question 3

What are the various names for cell bodies

Answer 3

gray matter, Cx, nuclei and columns

Question 4

What are the various names for white matter

Answer 4

tracts (fasiculi and funiculi)

Question 5

What are the names for neurons out in CNS

Answer 5

ganglia and nerves

Question 6

What type of glia cell is in PNS

Answer 6

schwann cells

metabolic support and elctrical insulation

Question 7

Are all nerons in PNS myelinated

Answer 7

no some aren’t

Question 8

which type of axon, large or small has faster conduciton

Answer 8

large is faster conduction from increased number of channels

Question 9

What type of glia cell is in the CNS

Answer 9

oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal and microglia

Question 10

describe role of oligodendrocytes in CNS

Answer 10

myelinate several axons

Question 11

what is the role of astrocytes in CNS

Answer 11

the end feet surround capillaries and regulate ion movement

Question 12

which type of glia cell forms scars in CNS

Answer 12

astrocytes

Question 13

where are the ependymal cells in CNS

Answer 13

lining the ventricles

Question 14

what is the role of microglia in CNS

Answer 14

the cleaners

Question 15

where is the cephalic flexure

Answer 15

thalamus

Question 16

what are the subdivisions of the brainstem

Answer 16

medulla, pons, midbrain

Question 17

what is the role of the medulla

Answer 17

vital reflexes

Question 18

what type of information always goes through pons

Answer 18

cerebellar input and output fibers through cerebellar peduncles

Question 19

what is the tegmentum of the pons

Answer 19

the floor

Question 20

what type of information travels through midbrain

Answer 20

connect brainstem to cerebrum, cerebral peduncles

Question 21

what is in the roof ot the midbrain

Answer 21

tectum, paired superior and inferior colliculi

Question 22

What are the subdivisions of the diencephalon

Answer 22

hypothalamus and thalamus

Question 23

what are the lateral borders of the third ventricle

Answer 23

thalamus

Question 24

what is the primary function of thalamus

Answer 24

relay for all sensory info

Question 25

what structure makes up the floor of the third ventricle

Answer 25

hypothalamus

Question 26

what is the role of hypothalamus

Answer 26

main regulator of ANS

Question 27

which lobe of the cerebrum is primarily motor

Answer 27

the frontal lobe

Question 28

what are the gyri in frontal lobe

Answer 28

superior middle inferior gyrus rectus precentral

Question 29

what lobe contains the primary somatosensory Cx

Answer 29

parietal lobes

Question 30

what are the gyri in the parietal lobes

Answer 30

post central gyrus superior and inferior lobules inferior has supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus

Question 31

Where is Wernickes area and what is in it

Answer 31

language comprehension, in inferior parietal lobule and superior part of ltemporal lobes

Question 32

what are the gyri in temporal lobes

Answer 32

superior middle and inferior

Question 33

what is the primary function in temporal lobe

Answer 33

auditory Cx higher order visual processing learning and memory

Question 34

which part of the brain is responsible for facial recognition

Answer 34

the higher order visual processing of temporal lobes

Question 35

What are the names for the superior and inferior gyri in the occipital lobes

Answer 35

cuneus is superior and lingual is inferior

Question 36

What gyri make up the limbic lobe

Answer 36

cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus | can see this in saggital cut

Question 37

what are the primary functions of limbic lobes

Answer 37

emotional responses, drive related behavior, memory

Question 38

what is the primary function of cerebellum

Answer 38

coordination

Question 39

where do the internal carotid aa enter skull

Answer 39

carotid canals

Question 40

how many cortical branches does the cerebrovascular circle give off where internal carotid enters

Answer 40

3

Question 41

what are the 3 branches off internal carotid aa

Answer 41

anterior cerebral, middle cerebral and posterior communicating a

Question 42

What areas of the brain are supplied by middle cerebral a

Answer 42

parietal and temporal lobes

Question 43

what area is supplied by anterior cerebral a

Answer 43

longitudinal fissure and top of parietal lobes

Question 44

what are the deep branches from internal cartodi a

Answer 44

lenticulostriate coming off middle cerebral

Question 45

What aa come off basilar a

Answer 45

AICA PICA and pontine aa

Question 46

what area of brain is supplied by posterior cerebral a

Answer 46

inferior temporal lobe and occiptal lobes

Question 47

how many posterior spinals are there and where do they arise from

Answer 47

2, can come off vertebral a or the PICA a

Question 48

What type of capillaries are found in blood brain barrier

Answer 48

continuous

Question 49

What induces the tight junctions in blood brain barrier and what forms the barrier itself

Answer 49

astrocyte end feet induce the tight juncitons but it is the endothelial cells that form the barrier

Question 50

What can pass through BBB

Answer 50

small molecules (less than 400 Daltons) gases lipid-soluble substances substances with specific transporter (glucose and AA)

Question 51

What is CSF continuous with

Answer 51

subarachnoid space

Question 52

where is CSF produced

Answer 52

choroid plexus found in all vetnricles

Question 53

What lines the ventricles

Answer 53

ependymal cells that are ciliated to move fluid

Question 54

What are the parts of the lateral ventricles

Answer 54

anterior horn, body, posteiror horn, trigone and inferior horn

Question 55

how do the lateral ventricles empty into the 3rd ventricle

Answer 55

interventricular foramina (one on each side)

Question 56

what connects the third ventricle to the 4th ventricle

Answer 56

mesencephalic aquaduct, of the aquaduct of the midbrain

Question 57

how many apertures are in 4th vetnricle

Answer 57

2 lateral and 1 medial

Question 58

what are the boundaries of the lateral ventricles

Answer 58

``` roof is corpus callosum floor is thalamus lateral wall is caudate nucleus roof of inferior horn is tail of caudate floor of inferior horn is hippocampus ```

Question 59

what are the boundaries of the third ventricle

Answer 59

lateral-diencephalon | floor- optic chiasm and infundibulum

Question 60

what are the boundaries of the 4th ventricle

Answer 60

roof is cerebellum | floor is pons/medulla

Question 61

What is CSF produced from

Answer 61

blood

Question 62

what is the role of CSF

Answer 62

buoyancy ECF lymph maybe pH

Question 63

how is CSF made

Answer 63

actively and selectively

Question 64

how is CSF reabsorbed

Answer 64

passively

Question 65

the choroid epithelium is continuous with what cells

Answer 65

ependymal cells that have tight junctions for blood CSF barrier

Question 66

what type of capillaries are in the choroid epithelium

Answer 66

fenestrated

Question 67

describe exchange between capillary and choroid epithelium

Answer 67

free exchange

Question 68

how does CSF get reabsorbed, mechanism

Answer 68

arachnoid villi with one way valves empty into the superior sagittal sinus

Question 69

what can cause hydrocephalus

Answer 69

occlusion in ventricular system

Question 70

where are hydrocephalic shunts drained into

Answer 70

peritoneum