Flashcards in Embryology 1 Deck (22)
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1
What are pharyngeal arches
System of mesenchymal proliferations in neck region (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm)
2
Role of neural crest cells in development of pharyngeal arches
Migrate into mesoderm core to influence development of arches
3
What does each pharyngeal arch develop into
Muscular component
Cartilage bar
Cranial nerve
Aortic arch
4
What are pharyngeal pouches and clefts
Pouch - between each arch on endoderm side
Cleft - between each arch in ectoderm side
5
What do the anterior and posterior parts of the neural tube become
Anterior - forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain
Posterior - spinal cord
6
Which cranial nerve develops from the 1st pharyngeal arch
What does it innervate
Trigeminal
Sensory - skin of face and lining of nose and mouth
Motor - muscles of mastication
7
Which cranial nerve develops from the 2nd pharyngeal arch
What does it innervate
Facial
Sensory - taste buds in anterior 2/3 tongue
Motor - muscles of facial expression
8
Which cranial nerve develops from the 3rd pharyngeal arch
What does it innervate
Glossopharyngeal
Sensory - taste buds in posterior 1/3 tongue
Motor - stylopharyngeus
9
Which cranial nerve develops from the 4th pharyngeal arch
What does it innervate
Superior laryngeal branch of vagus
Motor - pharyngeal constrictors and cricothyroid
10
Which cranial nerve develops from the 6th pharyngeal arch
What does it innervate
Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus
Motor - intrinsic muscles of larynx
11
Which cartilage develops from the 1st pharyngeal arch
What does it become
Meckel's cartilage (mandibular prominence only)
Malleus, incus and mandible
12
Which cartilage develops from the 2nd pharyngeal arch
What does it become
Reichart's cartilage
Stapes, styloid process and part of hyoid (lesser Cornu and upper body)
13
Which cartilage develops from the 1st pharyngeal arch
Forms rest of hyoid
14
Which cartilage develops from the 4th pharyngeal arch
Thyroid and cricoid cartilage
15
Which cartilage develops from the 6th pharyngeal arch
Arytenoid cartilage
16
What aortic arches develop from pharyngeal arches
3rd - internal carotid artery
4th - aortic arch and brachiocephalic
6th - left and right pulmonary arteries
17
What does the 1st pharyngeal pouch give rise to
Tympanic cavity and Eustachian tube
18
What does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch give rise to
Palatine tonsils
19
What does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch give rise to
Ventral - thymus
Dorsal - inferior parathyroid gland
20
What does the 4th pharyngeal pouch give rise to
Dorsal - superior parathyroid gland
21
What happens to the pharyngeal clefts during development
1st cleft remains and forms the external auditory meatus
The 2nd pharyngeal arch obliterates all of the other clefts (obliterates the cervical sinus)
22
