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Cardiovascular I > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

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1
Q

From what germ layer are the heart and vessels developed from?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm of lateral plate mesoderm of mesoderm

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2
Q

When does development of the primitive heart tube occur?

A

Week 3, day 16

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3
Q

When does the primitive heart begin to beat?

A

Week 4, around day 19-20

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4
Q

What is the sinus venosus?

A

Inferior portion of primitive heart tube that receives blood from the placenta

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5
Q

What are the parts of the primitive heart tube from inferior to superior?

A

Sinus venosus
Primitive atrium
Primitive ventricle
Bulbus cordis
Truncus arteriosus

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6
Q

Where does blood from the primitive heart tube go?

A

Into the aortic arch system

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7
Q

What develops from the truncus arterioris?

A

Ascending aorta
Pulmonary trunk

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8
Q

What develops from the bulbus cordis?

A

Conus arteriosus
Aortic vestibule

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9
Q

What develops from the primitive ventricle?

A

Trabeculated portions of the R and L ventricle

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10
Q

What develops from the primitive atrium?

A

Trabeculated portions of the R and L atrium

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11
Q

What develops from the sinus venosus?

A

Left horn becomes coronary sinus
Right horn becomes sinus venarum

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12
Q

What is another name for heart tube folding?

A

Cardiac looping

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13
Q

About when does cardiac looping end?

A

Day 28

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14
Q

What is dextrocardia?

A

Heart lies on the R instead of the L

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15
Q

What occurs during cardiac looping that leads to dextrocardia?

A

Heart loops to the L instead of to the R

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16
Q

What other condition is associated with dextrocardia?

A

Situs inversus

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17
Q

What does the atrial septum begin to develop?

A

Day 30

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18
Q

What neural crest derivative is the beginning of atrial septum development?

A

Endocardial cushions

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19
Q

Where do the endocardial cushions appear?

A

AV canal

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20
Q

What does the interatrial septum develop from?

A

Septum primum and septum secundum

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21
Q

What mechanism closes the foramen ovale?

A

Pressure in the L atrium presses the septa together and closes the foramen

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22
Q

Which shunting is associated with non-cyanotic defects?

A

Left to right

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23
Q

What type of shunting is seen with ASD?

A

Left to right

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24
Q

What occurs with premature closure of the oval foramen?

A

Massive hypertrophy of R atrium and R ventricle
Underdevelopment of L side of heart
Death shortly after birth

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25
What is the time frame for IV septum development?
Wk 4 to wk 7
26
What forms the thick muscular component of the IV septum?
Septum from the base of the ventricle
27
What forms the membranous part of the IV septum?
R conus swelling L conus swelling Inferior endocardial AV cushions
28
What defect is associated with failure of migration of neural crest cells into the endocardial cushions?
Ventral septal defects
29
What defect is associated with abnormal development of septum primum or septum secondum?
Atrial septal defects
30
What type of shunting is seen in VSDs?
Left to right
31
What septal defect is pulmonary HTN related to?
VSD
32
What develops into the tricuspid and mitral valves?
Atrioventricular endocardial cushion tissue
33
What develops into the semilunar valves?
3 swellings of subendocardial cushions
34
How can blood enter the lungs in pulmonary valvular atresia?
Can back flow from aorta through patent ductus arteriosus
35
What develops from the conotruncal swellings?
Aorticopulmonary septum/conotruncal septum
36
What are the three truncus arteriosus defects?
Tetralogy of Fallot Transposition of great vessels Persistent truncus arteriosus
37
What is a common symptom of all truncus arteriosus defects?
All are cyanotic, blood flows from R to L
38
What are the 4 cardiovascular alterations seen in tetralogy of Fallot?
Pulmonary stenosis VSD Overriding aorta directly above septal defect R ventricular hypertrophy
39
What other conditions are associated with transposition of the great vessels?
VSD or ASD Patent ductus arteriosus
40
What heart defect is associated with DiGeorge syndrome?
Persistent truncus arteriosus
41
What other heart defect is associated with persistent truncus arteriosus?
VSD
42
What is vasculogenesis?
Vessels arise from angioblast cells
43
What is angiogenesis?
Vessels sprout from existing vessels
44
When does hematopoiesis shift to the liver from the yolk sac?
Wk 5 or 6
45
When is hematopoiesis mostly taken over by the bone marrow?
Month 5 to 6
46
When does the R recurrent laryngeal N hook around the R subclavian A?
After the distal part of the R sixth aortic arch disappears
47
What happens to the first aortic arch?
Mostly disappears Part becomes maxillary A
48
What happens to the second aortic arch?
Mostly disappears Part becomes hyoid A and stapedial A
49
What develops from the fourth R aortic arch?
Proximal part of R subclavian A
50
What develops from the fourth L aortic arch?
Arch of aorta
51
What develops from the sixth aortic arch?
Proximal pulmonary arteries Ductus arteriosus (L only)
52
What develops from the vitelline arteries?
Celiac A Superior mesenteric A
53
What is the artery of the foregut?
Celiac A
54
What is the artery of the midgut?
Superior mesenteric A
55
What develops from the proximal umbilical arteries?
Internal iliac A Superior vesical A
56
What artery develops from the general umbilical arteries?
Inferior mesenteric A
57
What is the artery of the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric A
58
What develops from the distal portion of the umbilical arteries?
Medial umbilical ligaments
59
What structure is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus?
Ligamentum arteriosum
60
When is PDA common?
Premature infants Maternal rubella infections
61
Is PDA cyanotic?
No
62
What maintains ductus arteriosus patency?
Prostaglandins
63
What are the 2 characterizations of coarctation of the aorta?
Preductal type Postductal type
64
What supplies caudal body in coarctation of the aorta?
Hypertrophied intercostal A and internal thoracic A
65
What is associated with rib notching?
Dilatation of intercostal As seen in coarctation of the aorta
66
What heart defect is associated with elevated BP in the upper limbs and low BP in the legs?
Coarctation of the aorta
67
Increased levels of what close the ductus arteriosus?
Bradykinin
68
Describe abnormal origin of the R subclavian A.
A is formed from distal portion of R aorta and 7th intersegmental A, just inferior to the L subclavian A
69
What structure can be compressed by a R subclavian A of abnormal origin?
Esophagus Possibly trachea
70
What structure is obliterated abnormally leading to R subclavian A of abnormal origin?
R fourth aortic arch
71
What is the relation between the esophagus and a R subclavian A of abnormal origin?
The R subclavian passes behind the esophagus in the superior mediastinum
72
What are the 3 major sets of embryonic veins?
Cardinal Vs Vitelline Vs Umbilical V
73
What develops from the anterior cardinal vein?
Internal jugular SVC and its tributaries
74
What develops from the vitelline veins?
Hepatic portal system Hepatic sinusoids
75
What develops from the umbilical vein?
Ligamentum teres (hepatis)
76
What develops from the posterior cardinal V?
Portion of azygos system Common iliac veins Veins of pelvis and lower limbs
77
What develops from the supra-cardinal vein?
Veins of thoracic wall Portion of IVC
78
What develops from the sub-cardinal V?
Part of IVC Renal Vs Gonadal Vs
79
When do the lymphatic sacs start to develop from the veins?
Week 6
80
List the lymphatic sacs.
Two jugular Two iliac/posterior 1 retroperitoneal Cisternal chyli
81
What develops from the jugular lymph sacs?
Deep cervical lymph nodes
82
What develops from the iliac lymph sacs?
Iliac lymph nodes
83
What develops from the retroperitoneal lymph sac?
Lumbar/paraaortic lymph nodes Cisterna chyli

Cardiovascular I (20 decks)

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