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Cardiovascular I > Special circulation > Flashcards

Special circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is coronary flow reserve?

A

Ratio of the maximal/hyperemic flow down a coronary vessel to the resting flow

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2
Q

What is the most important factor regulating cerebral blood flow?

A

PCO2

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3
Q

When can decreased PO2 increase cerebral blood flow?

A

In high-altitude pulmonary edema

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4
Q

What are the anatomical and physiological features of the blood-brain barrier?

A

Non-fenestrated capillaries
Tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells
Paucity of the vesicles in the endothelial cytoplasm
Presence of numerous carrier-mediated and active transport mechanisms in cerebral capillaries

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5
Q

What substances can freely diffuse through the blood-brain barrier?

A

CO2
O2
Water
Free forms of steroid hormones

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6
Q

How does glucose cross the blood-brain barrier?

A

GLUT1 transporter

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7
Q

What is the significance of the blood brain barrier?

A

Maintains CNS homeostasis
Protects brain from endogenous and exogenous toxins
Prevents the escape of NTs into general circulation

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8
Q

What parts of the brain do not have the blood brain barrier and why?

A

Posterior pituitary
Area postrema
Organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis (OVLT)
Subfornical organ

They have fenestrated capillaries

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9
Q

What is the name given to the parts of the brain without the blood-brain barrier?

A

Circumventricular organs

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10
Q

What are common origins of an embolus that causes a stroke?

A

Heart (CAD)
Subclavian

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11
Q

What percentage of liver blood flow is from the hepatic A?

A

25%

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12
Q

What percentage of oxygen for the liver is delivered by the hepatic A?

A

30-40%

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13
Q

What is the value for normal portal V pressure?

A

5-10 mmHg

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14
Q

What is the normal hepatic venous pressure gradient?

A

3-5 mmHg

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15
Q

What value defines portal HTN?

A

hepatic venous pressure gradient (HPVG) is greater than or equal to 5 mmHg

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16
Q

At what value is ascites typically present?

A

HVPG >10 mmHg

17
Q

At what HVPG value can variceal hemorrhage occur?

A

> 12 mmHg

18
Q

What are the results of SyNS adrenergic stimulation to the skin vessels?

A

Constriction of arterioles
Constriction of the venous plexus

19
Q

What is the result of SyNS cholinergic activity to the skin and why does it occur?

A

Vasodilation

Occurs in response to increased skin temperature to promote heat loss

20
Q

What part of the hypothalamus is responsible for heat loss mechanisms?

A

Anterior hypothalamus

21
Q

What part of the hypothalamus is responsible for heat-gain mechanisms?

A

Posterior hypothalamus

Cardiovascular I (20 decks)

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