Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardiovascular I > Pericardium and Heart > Flashcards

Pericardium and Heart Flashcards

(92 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the general function of the fibrous part of the pericardium?

A

Restricts excessive movement of the whole heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the general function of the serous part of the pericardium?

A

Lubricated container in which the different parts of the heart can contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the relation of the pericardium to the thoracic cage?

A

Posterior to sternum and 2-6 costal cartilages
Anterior to bodies of the T5-T8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What would be compressed if a clamp was placed in the transverse sinus?

A

Ascending aorta
Pulmonary trunk
SVC
Pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What arteries supply the pericardium?

A

Pericardiacophrenic A
Musculophrenic A
Bronchial A
Esophageal A
Superior phrenic A
Coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What branches of the internal thoracic A supply the pericardium?

A

Pericardiacophrenic A
Musculophrenic A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What branches of the thoracic aorta supply the pericardium?

A

Bronchial A
Esophageal A
Superior phrenic A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What part of the pericardium is supplied by the coronary arteries?

A

Visceral layer only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What veins drain the pericardium?

A

Pericardicophrenic V
Tributaries of brachiocephalic V
Tributaries to azygos venous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the innervation of the fibrous and parietal layers of pericardium?

A

Phrenic N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What nerve roots/dermatome are associated with the phrenic N?

A

C3-C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does pericardial pain refer?

A

Ipsilateral supraclavicular region - C3-C5 dermatomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the innervation of the epicardium?

A

Vagus N and sympathetic trunks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the description and location of the sounds of a pericardial friction rub?

A

Rustle of silk over the left sternal border and upper ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Explain cardiac tamponade

A

Excess fluid in pericardial cavity causing heart compression. Caused by bleeding from aneurysm rupture, puncture, or MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is pericardiocentesis and what does it treat?

A

Drainage of fluid from cardiac cavity
Cardiac tamponade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where would you insert a needle for pericardiocentesis?

A

Through the L subcostal/substernal angle
Through the left 5th or 6th intercostal space near the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What structures make up the base of the heart?

A

L atrium
Small portion of R atrium
Pulmonary Vs
Proximal SVC and IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What structure makes up the apex of the heart?

A

Inferior angle of L ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the apex of the heart located?

A

L 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the apex beat?

A

Sounds of mitral valve closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What structure forms the anterior surface of the heart?

A

R ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What structures forms the inferior/diaphragmatic surface of the heart?

A

L ventricle mostly, and some R ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What structure make up the right border/pulmonary surface of the heart?
Mainly R atrium
26
What structure makes up the L pulmonary surface of the heart?
Mainly L ventricle Partly left auricle/atrium
27
What structures form the inferior border of the heart?
R ventricle mostly, and some L ventricle
28
What structures form the superior border of the heart?
R and L atria
29
What is the extent of the heart on the R chest wall in relation to the rib cage?
From 3rd costal cartilage to the 6th
30
What is the extent of the heart on the L chest wall in relation to the rib cage?
From 2nd costal cartilage to the 5th intercostal space
31
What would be damaged by a penetrating wound to the right parasternal border above the 3rd rib?
SVC
32
What would be damaged by a penetrating wound in the R parasternal 3rd, 4th, or 5th intercostal spaces?
R atrium
33
What would be damaged by a penetrating wound on L parasternal 3rd, or 4th intercostal spaces?
R ventricle
34
What would be damaged by a penetrating wound on 2nd L parasternal intercostal space?
L atrium
35
What is indicated by the sulcus terminalis/terminal groove?
External marker of separation of smooth and rough parts of R atrium
36
What is indicated by the crista terminalis?
Internal marker of separation of smooth and rough parts of R atrium
37
What is the conus arteriosus?
Smooth outflowing part of the R ventricle
38
What is the infundibulum?
Smooth outflowing part of the R ventricle
39
What are the three papillary muscles in the R ventricle?
Anterior Posterior Septal
40
What are chordae tendinae?
Fibrous cords connecting papillary muscles to valve leaflets
41
What is another name for the moderator band?
Septomarginal trabeculae
42
What is the moderator band?
Muscular band that conveys AV bundle from septum to base of ventricle
43
What are the two papillary muscles in the L ventricle?
Anterior Posterior
44
What can cause L atrial hypertrophy?
Mitral valve prolapse
45
What structure can be compressed by L atrial hypertrophy and its related symptom?
Esophagus Dysphagia
46
What causes S1 heart sounds?
Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
47
What causes S2 heart sounds?
Closure of aortic and pulmonary valves
48
What valves are the most frequently involved in valvular heart disease?
Mitral Aortic
49
What are major types of valvular heart disease?
Aortic stenosis Mitral regurgitation Pulmonary valve stenosis
50
Where is the aorta auscultated on the chest wall?
Upper R sternal border at the 2nd intercostal space
51
Where is the pulmonic trunk auscultated on the chest wall?
Upper left sternal border at 2nd intercostal space
52
Where is the tricuspid valve auscultated?
L 5th intercostal space at the sternal border
53
Where is the mitral valve auscultated?
Left 5th intercostal space, near the midclavicular line
54
Where is cardiac percussion performed?
At 3rd, 4th, and 5th intercostal spaces, from the L anterior axillary line to the R anterior axillary line
55
Where is the change from resonance to dullness normally seen when percussing the heart?
6 cm lateral to the L border of the sternum
56
What branches from the R aortic sinus?
RCA
57
What branches from the L aortic sinus?
LCA
58
What structures are typically supplied by the RCA and its branches?
R atrium Most of R ventricle Diaphragmatic surface of L ventricle Posterior 1/3 of IV septum SA node (60%) AV node
59
What is typically supplied by the LCA?
Most of L ventricle Part of R ventricle Anterior 2/3 of IV septum AV bundle SA node (40%)
60
How can you differentiate between the RCA and LCA on an angiogram?
LCA branches almost immediately into 2 arteries of similar width
61
What are main branches of the RCA?
SA nodal R marginal Posterior IV (67%) AV nodal
62
What are main branches of the LCA?
LAD/anterior IV Circumflex L marginal Posterior IV (33%)
63
What arteries anastomose with the RCA?
Circumflex and LAD from LCA
64
What anastomosis with the posterior IV?
Anterior IV/LAD
65
What is another name for posterior IV A?
Posterior descending A (PDA)
66
What is coronary angiography used for?
Localizing sites of blockage in coronary arteries
67
Where is the catheter usually inserted in coronary angiography?
Femoral A to aorta
68
When does necrosis begin to occur in MI?
20-30 minutes after occlusion
69
What is the most commonly affected artery for MI?
LAD
70
What coronary artery is known as the widow-maker?
LAD
71
What is the second most affected artery for MI?
RCA
72
What is the third most commonly affected artery for MI?
L circumflex
73
What does PTCA stand for?
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
74
What is a PTCA procedure?
Inserting a balloon catheter into the coronary artery that is blocked, then inflating the balloon to mechanically dilate the A. Usually a stent is also placed.
75
What does CABG stand for?
Coronary artery bypass graft
76
What vessels are commonly used in CABG procedures?
Great saphenous V Internal thoracic/mammary A
77
Where does the coronary sinus drain?
R atrium
78
What are the tributaries of the coronary sinus?
Great cardiac V Middle cardiac V Small cardiac V L posterior ventricular V L marginal V
79
What vein accompanies the LAD?
Great cardiac V
80
What vein accompanies the PDA?
Middle cardiac V
81
What veins drain directly into the R atrium, bypassing the coronary sinus?
Anterior cardiac veins
82
What veins drain directly into the different heart chambers?
Venae cordis minimae/Thebesian veins
83
What is the innervation of the conducting system of the heart?
Vagus N Sympathetic trunks from T1 to T5
84
Where is the SA node located?
In upper part of the crista terminalis
85
Where is the AV node located?
Between opening of coronary sinus and septal cusp of tricuspid valve
86
Where do bundle branch fibers terminate?
Purkinje fibers/subendocardial plexus
87
What is the independent rate of ventricles when AV node or bundle is damaged?
25-30 times per minute
88
What ANS plexuses innervate the heart?
Superficial cardiac plexus Deep cardiac plexus
89
What is the sympathetic preganglionic fibers that innervate the heart?
From T1-T4 or T5
90
What is the parasympathetic innervation to the heart?
Vagus N
91
What is the location of the superficial cardiac plexus?
Below the aortic arch, in front of the R pulmonary A
92
What is the location of the deep cardiac plexus?
Anterior to bifurcation of the trachea

Cardiovascular I (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions