Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Phase 1 EDF > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How long is the embryonic period?

A

8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long is pregnancy after the last menstrual cycle

A

38 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the layer of cells that appears between the cytotrophoblast and the exocoelomic membrane?

A

EXTRA-embryonic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the extra embryonic mesoderm responsible for?

A

The formation of blood vessels that will connect the embryo to the placenta - chorion/chorionic villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is grastrulation

A

The formation of the trilaminar disc
Cells from the epiblast migrate towards the primative streak, slip beneath it, and form the INTRA-embryonic mesoderm
Epiblast forms ectoderm
Hypoblast forms endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the ectoderm give rise to?

A 
CNS
PNS
Skin
Hair
Nails
Enamel of teet
Sensory ep - nose, ear, eye
Pituitary, mammary, sweat glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 regions of the mesoderm?

A

Para-axial
Intermediate
Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the para-axial mesoderm give rise to?

A

Myotomes (muscle tissue)
Dermatomes (subcutaneous tissue)
Sclerotome (bone/cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the intermediate mesoderm give rise to?

A

They urogenital system: gonad, kidneys and their respective systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the lateral mesoderm give rise to?

A 
2 layers of the lateral mesoderm
Somatic (parietal) 
- future body wall
Splanchnic (visceral) 
-circulatory system
-connective system of glands and gut
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the endoderm give rise to?

A

Epithelial lining of GI tract, resp sys and urinary bladder
Epithelial lining of tympanic cavity and auditory tube
Parenchyma (functioning tissue) of the thyroid gland, parathyroid gland and auditory tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What two germ layers are found at the oropharyngeal and cloacal membranes?

A

Endo and ecto derm - no intervening mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In the embryo - what are the boundaries of the foregut

A

Oropharyngeal membrane to liver bud (at 2nd part of the duodenum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the coeliac trunk?

A

Splenic artery
Left gastric artery
Common hepatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

From which two germ layers is the primitive gut formed by?

A

Endoderm and visceral (splanchnic) mesoderm (lateral plate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

From which germ layer are the hepatocytes derived?

A

Endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many pharyngeal arches are there? And what germ layer are they derived from?

A

5 (1,2,3,4 and 6!) Mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stapes, styloid process, and the upper part of the hyoid bone are all skeletal features derived from which pharyngeal arch

A

2 - hyoid arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What muscles are derived from the 1st/mandibular pharyngeal arch?

A 
Muscles of mastication
Anterior belly of the digastric
Mylohyoid
Tensor tympani
Tensor palatini
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the bony structures that arise from the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A 
Mandible
Maxilla
Malleus
Incus
Middle ear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the muscles derived from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A 
Muscles of facial expression
Buccinator
Platysma
Stylohyoid
Posterior belly of the digatric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the 3rd pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Stylopharyngeus

Lower part of the hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the 4th pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Cricothyroid, intrinsic muscles of the soft palate

Thyroid cartilage, epiglottic cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the 6th pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

All the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid
Cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How many pharyngeal pouches are there? And from what germ layer are they formed?
4 | Endoderm
26
What does the 1st pharyngeal pouch give rise to?
Middle ear cavity | Auditory/eustachian tube
27
What does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch give rise to?
Palatine tonsils and tonsillar palatini
28
What does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch give rise to?
Inferior parathyroid gland
29
What does the 4th pharyngeal pouch give rise to?
Superior parathyroid gland
30
How many pharyngeal clefts are there? And what germ layer are they formed from?
4 | Ectoderm
31
What does the 1st pharyngeal cleft give rise to?
External acoustic meatus
32
What do pharyngeal arches 2,3 and 4 give rise to?
Cervical sinus
33
Describe the mesentery of the oesophagus
(Lower part) both ventral and dorsal mesentry
34
Where is the lung bud/respiratory diverticulum found?
Ventral forgut at - End of pharynx, beginning of oesophagus
35
What divides the oesophagus and lung bud?
Tracheoesophageal septum
36
How many degrees does the stomach rotate by in the longitudinal axis? Does the original posterior wall move to the right or to the left?
90 | Left
37
What structure develops in the dorsal mesentery (only) of the foregut?
Spleen
38
What structure develops in both the ventral and dorsal mesentery of the foregut?
Pancreas (ventral and dorsal)
39
What structure develops in the ventral mesentery (only) of the the foregut?
Liver
40
Does the lesser omentum form part of the ventral or dorsal mesentery of the foregut? And what structures does it connect?
Ventral | Connect liver to stomach
41
What is the lienorenal ligament? Does is form part of the ventral or dorsal mesentery of the foregut?
Connects the spleen to the kidney | Dorsal
42
Where are the lesser and greater omentum continuous with one another?
Epiploic foramen
43
What structures can be found at the ventral side of the epiploic foramen?
Portal vein Hepatic artery Bile duct
44
Which mesentery is the greater omentum part of? Where does it hang down from?
Dorsal | Greater curvature of the stomach
45
What connects the midgut to the yolk sac?
Vitelline duct
46
Which parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?
2-4
47
Which parts of the pancreas are retroperitoneal?
All except tail
48
What are the 5 stages of the development of the foregut?
``` Elongation Herniation Rotation Retraction Fixation ```
49
Which part of the small intestine is the first to retract and therefore lies more towards the left?
Jejunum
50
What are the boundaries of the primitive hind gut?
Left 1/3 of the transverse colon to the cloacal membrane
51
What divides the cloaca in two? What is formed as a result of this division?
Urorectum septum - expands to form perineal body Urogenital membrane - urogenital sinus Anal membrane - anal canal
52
What epithelium is found at the upper 2/3 of the anal canal?
Simple columnar
53
What epithelium is found at the lower 1/3 of the anal canal?
Stratified squamous non keratinising
54
What is the name of the line that marks the changing of epithelium between the upper 2/3 and lower 1/3 of the anal canal?
Pectinate line
55
What does the urogenital sinus give rise to?
Bladder Urethra (Female - lower vagina, labia majora, labia minora and clitoris)
56
From what germ layer is the pancreas derived from?
Endoderm
57
In what percentage of people does an accessory duct exist in the pancreas?
10%
58
Name the 3 kidneys that occur during embryological development?
Pronephros Mesonephros Metanephros
59
Which is the permanent kidney?
Metanephros
60
At what week which does the pronephros arise?
4
61
What is the pronephros composed of?
7-10 solid cell groups = nephrotomes
62
The pronephros is non-functioning, true or false?
True
63
When does the mesonephros arise and disappear?
``` 4th week 8th week (mesonephric ridge/tubules disappear but not the mesonephric (wolffian) duct in males* ```
64
At what week does the metanephros occur?
5th week
65
At what week does the metanephros begin to function?
12 weeks
66
What two parts form the metanephros?
``` Metanephric blastema Ureteric bud (*although forms meTanephros the ureteric bud is actually an outgrowth of meSonephric duct) ```
67
What does the metanephric blastema give rise to?
The excretory units - nephrons
68
What does the ureteric bud give rise to?
Collecting system
69
In what region of the body does the pronephros develop?
Cervical
70
In what region of the body does the mesonephros develop?
Thoracolumbar
71
In what region of the body does the metanephros develop?
Pelvic region
72
Where are the ureters derived from?
Mesonephric duct
73
From what germ layer is the urogenital system derived from?
Intermediate mesoderm

Phase 1 EDF (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions