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CREOGS > Embryology & Developmental Disorders > Flashcards

Embryology & Developmental Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

phenotype in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome

A

Normal secondary sex characteristics
Normal Tanner stage

Agenesis or incomplete uterus, vagina, or both

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2
Q

karyotype in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome

A

46XX

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3
Q

when does organogenesis occur

A

wks 3-8

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4
Q

other name for Wolfian duct

A

mesonephric duct

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5
Q

other name for Mullerian duct

A

paramesonephric duct

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6
Q

ureteral bud turns into

A

ureters, renal pelvis, and calycesme

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7
Q

metanephric mass becomes

A

functional nephrons

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8
Q

what drains into the cloaca

A

ureteric bud and mesonephric duct

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9
Q

what is the cloaca

A

the termination of the urogenital and GI tracts

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10
Q

where does the cloaca come from

A

the allantois

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11
Q

what is the allantois

A

diverticulum of the yolk sac past the caudal end of the embryo

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12
Q

what is the cloaca divided into

A

urorectal septum divides it into urogenital sinus and anorectal canal

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13
Q

what does urogenital sinus become

A

bladder, urethra, vagina

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14
Q

what does the allantois become

A

urachus > median umbilical ligament

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15
Q

when does gonadal development start

A

5 wks

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16
Q

when are there 100K egg/sperm cells

A

6wks gestational (germ cells)

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16
Q

what are gonads derived from

A

Coelomic (germinal) epithelium
Underlying mesenchyme
Primordial germ cells

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17
Q

where to germ cells originate

A

wall of the yolk sac

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18
Q

What do primary sex cords become

A

seminiferous tubules in males,
vestiges in females

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19
Q

when is undifferentiated gonad complete

A

by 7th week

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20
Q

what are the two genital tracts

A

2 Wolfian (mesonephric) ducts
2 mullerian (paramesonephric ducts)

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21
Q

where do paramesonephric ducts come from

A

From invagination of coelomic epithelium on lateral aspect of mesonephros.

Bud hollows to form an open duct

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22
Q

what gene determines gonad differentiation

A

SRY gene on Y chromosone (sex-determining region Y) that codes for TDF (testis determining factor)

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23
Q

when does gonad differentiation occur

A

testis at 4-6wks if TDF present

ovary at 6-8wks if TDF absent

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24
Q

when do you have max number of germ cells in life

A

20wks development (22wga) have 6-7 million

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25
Q

when do primordial follicles form

A

16-20wks development (18-22wga)

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26
Q

components of primordial follicle

A

1o oocyte arrested in prophase of first meiotic division
Single layer of follicular cells (from sex cord) – Pre-granulosa cells
Loose outer layer of mesenchyme – Pre-theca cells

27
Q

how many oocytes at birth

A

1-2million

28
Q

how many oocytes at puberty

A

300K

29
Q

what drives differentiation of mullerian ducts

A

Mullerian inhibiting factor

30
Q

when does differentiation of mullerian ducts occur

A

8wks

31
Q

what does mullerian duct become

A

if no MIF by 8wks, fuse to form uterovaginal canal > becomes uterus and upper part of vagina

32
Q

upper part of mullerian duct becomes

A

epithelium and glands of endomterium

33
Q

where does endometrial stroma and myometrium come from

A

surrounding mesenchymal girdle

34
Q

unfused segments of mullerian ducts become

A

fallopian tube with fimbriae

35
Q

cyst of morgagni is remnant of

A

mullerian duct (part that didn’t get incorporated into tube)

36
Q

caudal inguinal ligament becomes

A

uteroovarian and round ligaments

37
Q

cranial inguinal ligament becomes

A

IP

38
Q

what cretes the borad ligament

A

urogenital mesentery meet as a result of fusion of the Mullerian ducts

39
Q

where do gartner’s ducts come from

A

regression of Wolfian ducts in absence of androgens

40
Q

interruption of mullerian duct fusion can result in:

A

Uterus didelphys
Bicornuate uterus
Arcuate uterus

41
Q

If midline septum fails to degenerate, leads to

A

septate uterus

42
Q

If one Mullerian duct fails to form or becomes atretic, leads to

A

unicornuate uterus or bicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn

43
Q

how is vagina formed

A

upper 1/3 mullerian ducts (canalized)
lower 2/3 urogenital sinus

44
Q

imperforate hymen caused by

A

failure of resorption of hymen

failure of canalization of vagina

45
Q

what results from incomplete canalization

A

double vagina

46
Q

what causes formation of testis

A

Testes determining factor (TDF) produced from SRY gene

47
Q

composition of sex cords

A

spermatogonia
supporting cellsw

48
Q

what produces mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)

A

supporting cells (Sertoli)

49
Q

epididymis comes from

A

Upper Wolfian duct adjacent to testis becomes elongated and convoluted

50
Q

ductus deferens comes from

A

Remainder of Wolfian duct developes a thick muscular coat

51
Q

what becomes penis or clitoris

A

genital tubercle

52
Q

what androgen is needed to form male genitalia

A

DHT (dihydrotestosterone)

5-a reductase (enzyme) turns testosterone into DHT

53
Q

5-a reductase deficiency can lead to

A
  • unable to produce DHT
  • External genitalia will be female (depends on DHT) - Blind vaginal pouch
  • Internal genitalia will be male (depends on testosterone)
  • At puberty, external genitalia sensitive to testosterone so they’ll have virilization
54
Q

analogy of skene glands in men

A

prostate gland

55
Q

when does external genitalia differentiation occur

A

end of 3rd month

56
Q

female remnant of gubernaculum

A

round ligament & uteroovarian ligaments

57
Q

what is processus vaginalis

A

when peritoneum invaginates, it follows gubernaculum and enters scrotum creating processus vaginalis
– forms inguinal canal

58
Q

what is hydrocele

A

fluid trapped inside processus vaginalis

59
Q

if processus vaginalis remains patent

A
  • congenital inguinal hernia
  • normally obliterates
    near birth
60
Q

what induces wolffian duct development

A

testosterone

61
Q

umbilical cord comes from

A

body stalk

62
Q

erm cells come from

A

yolk sac

63
Q

umbilical vessels come from

A

allantois

64
Q

urinary bladder comes from

A

urogenital sinus

65
Q

gartner’s duct comes from

A

wolffian (mesonephric) duct

CREOGS (12 decks)

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