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CREOGS > Stats > Flashcards

Stats Flashcards

1
Q

% Annual preterm births in US

A

10%

(7.3% late (34+), 2.8% early)

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2
Q

% women raped in lifetime in US

A

1 in 5 (19%)

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3
Q

type I error

A

find there is a difference when there really isn’t
false positive
- reject the null incorrectly
- typically use .05 (or .01)

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4
Q

type II error

A

find no difference when there really is
false negative

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5
Q

power associated with what kind of error

A

type II error
- sample size

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6
Q

what affects power of a study

A

sample size
significance level desired
standard deviation
effect size

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7
Q

symbol for type 1 error

A

alpha

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8
Q

symbol for type 2 error

A

beta

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9
Q

symbol for power

A

1 - beta

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10
Q

% under the curve for normal bell for 1 standard deviation

A

68%

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11
Q

% under the curve for normal bell for
2 standard deviation

A

95%

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12
Q

% under the curve for normal bell for 3 standard deviation

A

99%

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13
Q

in normal distribution curve, mean, median, and mode are

A

all the same

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14
Q

what does confidence interval mean

A

there is that % of the samples that fall somewhere within the range

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15
Q

what is the null hypothesis

A

there is no difference
- you want to disprove this

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16
Q

what is the alternative hypothesis

A

what you want to prove

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17
Q

what is sensitivity

A

likelihood that if you have the disease, the test is positive
(if you have disease, we’ll pick it up)

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18
Q

what is specificity

A

likelihood that if you don’t have the disease, you’ll test negative
(if you don’t have disease, it won’t pick it up)

19
Q

NPV

A

of those who test negative, how many don’t have the disease

20
Q

PPV

A

of those who test positive, how many have the disease

21
Q

false positive RATE

A

1 - specificity

22
Q

false negative RATE

A

1 - sensitivity

23
Q

what values depend on disease prevalence

A

npv & ppv

24
Q

T-test used to compare

A

means of two samples of normally distributed data

25
Q

Anova used to compare

A

means of more than two samples of normally distributed data

26
Q

Chi-square used to compare

A

rates, frequencies, or proportions

27
Q

Mann-Whitney U Test used for what kind of data

A

not normally distributed data

28
Q

what is power

A

ability to find a difference if one exists

29
Q

confidence interval calculation

A

mean +/- 2 standard error of the mean
(SEM is standard devation / sqr rt sample size)

30
Q

overall lifetime risk ovarian cancer

A

1 in 70 (1.7%) for no additional risks

31
Q

what % ovarian CA have BRCA defects

A

20-25%

32
Q

BRCA1 breast cancer risk

A

65-74%

33
Q

BRCA1 ovarian cancer risk

A

39-58%

34
Q

BRCA2 breast cancer risk

A

65-74%

35
Q

BRCA2 ovarian cancer risk

A

13-29%

36
Q

Lynch syndrome (HNPCC) cancer risks

A

colon cancer 70%
endometrial cancer 13-57%
ovarian cancer 1-38%

37
Q

epithelial ovarian CA 5y survival

A

Stage I: 76%-93%
Stage II: 60%-74%
Stage III
IIIA: 41%
IIIB: 25%
IIIC: 20%
Stage IV: 11%

38
Q

endometrial hyperplasia risk of progression to cancer

A

penny nickle dime quarter

1% simple without atypia
3% complex without atypia
8% simple with atypia
29% complex with atypia

39
Q

leiomyosarcoma survival rate

A

40% at 5y (poor despite early stages)

40
Q

Incidence of HPV

A

75-80% of sexually active people will acquire HPV before age 50

41
Q

difference between survey and questionnaire

A

questionnaire is a specific tool known as an instrument, relating to construct of interest, usually gives you a score

42
Q

validity

A

extent to which instrument measures what it is supposed to measure
- aka accuracy

43
Q
A

CREOGS (12 decks)

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