Emergence of America as a World Power

Question 1

Progressive and “leftist intellectual” writer

Rediculed other Progressives who believed that they could mold the war according to their own “liberal purposes”

He predicted the conflict would empower the “least democratic forces in American life”

Answer 1

Randolph Bourne

Question 2

Process to of the United States becoming a more homogeneous national culture

Answer 2

“Americanization”

Question 3

Term used by Allied propaganda to depict the German soldier

Germans were portrayed as bloodthirsty beasts

World War I was the first war where propaganda was used on a widespread scale

Answer 3

“Hun”

Question 4

Group of U.S. senators opposed to American presence in Europe in any form

Influential in preventing the passage of the Versailles Treaty in the Senate

Answer 4

“Irreconcilables”

Question 5

Wilson’s policy in Europe in January 1917

Outline of vision including freedom of the seas, restrictions on armaments

Answer 5

“Peace Without Victory”

Question 6

Theme of Republican William Hardings campaign for the Election of 1920

Answer 6

“return to normalcy”

Question 7

African-Americans…

…barred from joining unions, skilled employment

…barred from employment in new retail stores

…not included in idea of the melting pot

…had access to segregated settlement houses

…exluded from WWI’s woman’s hours

Answer 7

African-American Exclusion from Progressive Freedom

Question 8

Britain, France, Russia, Japan

Answer 8

Allied Powers

Question 9

Name for American army sent to Europe to aid Britain and France after United States entered World War I

General John Pershing commanded the army

Answer 9

American Expeditionary Force

Question 10

United States foreign policy in 1914 at the start of World War I

Answer 10

American Neutrality

Question 11

Helped identify radicals and critics of the war

Carried out “slacker raids” – men had to show to show draft cards

Cooperated with the government to crush the IWW – lynched IWW leader Frank Little

Answer 11

American Protective League

Question 12

Founded in 1893 and increased public awareness of the social effects of alcohol on society

Supported politcians who favored prohibition and promoted statewide referendums in western and southern states to ban alcohol

Answer 12

Anti-Saloon League

Question 13

Assasination by Serbian national started chain of events that quickly led to broad war

Answer 13

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Question 14

More disciplined labor force

Promote more orderly city environment

Undermine urban political machines

Protect wives and children from domestic violence

Answer 14

Arguments for Prohibition

Question 15

Supreme Court ruling that overturned Southern “peonage” laws because it violated the Thirteenth Admendment.

Peonage = the use of labors bound in servitude because of debt

Breaking a labor contract was a crime punishable by hard labor. The very act of quitting was considered evidence of intent to defraud the employer.

Answer 15

Bailey v. Alabama (1911)

Question 16

American troops stopped Germans from crossing the Marne and advancing into Paris

One of the first major battles of World War I involving American troops

Answer 16

Battle of Chateau-Tierry

Question 17

World War 1 battle in which U.S. Marines stoped a German offensive between June 6 - July 1, 1918

Dan Daly, two-time Congressional Medal of Honor winner said: “Come on, you sons of bitches, do you want to live forever?”

Answer 17

Belleau Wood

Question 18

Epic movie released by director D.W. Griffith in 1915

Portrayed Reconstruction as a time when Southern blacks threatened basic American values, whicht he Ku Klux Klan protected

Was lauded by many including Woodrow Wilson

Answer 18

Birth of a Nation

Question 19

Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of sterlization laws

Answer 19

Buck v. Bell (1927)

Question 20

10 mile strip of land around Panama Canal

United States had sovereignty over this areas from Bunau-Virilla treaty until 2000

Answer 20

Canal Zone

Question 21

Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria

Answer 21

Central Powers

Question 22

Created by Woodrow Wilson during World War I to mobilize public opinion for the war

Most intensive use of propaganda to that time by the United States – explained the governments actions in entering the war

Image of “Uncle Sam” was created for this propaganda campaign

Headed by George Creel

Trained and dispatched 75,000 “Four Minute Men”

Answer 22

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

Question 23

Merchant ships traveling together and protected by American warships, which guarded them from German U-boats

Used to protect ships carrying materials to Great Britain and France in World War I

Answer 23

Convoy System

Question 24

“Come on, you sons of bitches, do you want to live forever?”

Answer 24

Dan Daly during the Battle of Belleau Wood

Question 25

Foreign policy that increased American investment in the world as a method of exerting American influence; favored President William Howard Taft In some parts of the world, such as Latin America, the increased American influence was resented

Answer 25

"Dollar Diplomacy"

Question 26

Banned intoxicating liquor Passed by Congress in December 1917 Ratified by the states in 1919 Went into effect in 1920

Answer 26

Eighteenth Amendment

Question 27

World War I era law passed in 1917 made it illegal to obstruct the draft process in any way Mandatory prison sentences were imposed on those who interfered with the draft Any material sent through the mail that was said to incite treason could be seized

Answer 27

Espionage Act of 1917

Question 28

Convicted in 1918 under the Espionage Act Gave speech tracing dissent from Thomas Paine Wilson did not commute his sentence

Answer 28

Eugene Debs

Question 29

Woodrow Wilson's view of post-World War I world he hoped the other Allied Powers would endorse. Issued in January 1918 Included: national self-determination freedom of the seas free trade arms reduction open diplomacy (elimination of secret treaties) creation of a League of Nations

Answer 29

Fourteen Points

Question 30

Rationed coal and oil

Answer 30

Fuel Agency

Question 31

Negotiated by Roosevelt to end the migration of Japanese to United States except for wives and children

Answer 31

Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907

Question 32

"...conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses"

Answer 32

Edward Bernays on the Goal of the CPI

Question 33

Large numbers of southern blacks moved to midwestern and eastern industrial cities beginning with World War I and continuing into the 1920s Workers were needed there orginially because of the war and later because of immigration restrictions Many blacks gladly left the racist South War had opened opportunities due to fewer immigrants Migration sustained by: higher wages, education opportunites for children, escape from threat of lynching, right to vote

Answer 33

Great Migration

Question 34

United 365,000 migrant workers in Chicago Demanded union representation, higher wages, eight-hour day; wokers flooded into Amalgamated Association Industry magnates launched concerted counterattack and associated workers with communism, IWW

Answer 34

Great Steel Strike

Question 35

Senator who argued that the League of Nations threatened America's freedom of action

Answer 35

Henry Cabot Lodge

Answer 36

Ideology of Nationalism

Question 37

First woman in Congress Suffrage advocate Opposed entry into World War I

Answer 37

Jeannette Rankin

Question 38

John Dewey, intellectual Walter Lippmann, journalist Herbert Croly, journalist Samuel Gompers, AFL head Upton Sinclair, socialist writer Florence Kelley, reformer

Answer 38

Progressives

Question 39

International body of nations that was proposed by Woodrow Wilson and was adopted at the Versailles Peace Treaty ending World War I was never an effective body in reducing international tensions, in part because the United States never joined

Answer 39

League of Nations

Question 40

Gave President Wilson power to regulate the production and consumption of food and fuels during wartime Wilson instituted voluntary control of prices against some arguments for administration control of prices and rationing Passed Congress in August 1917

Answer 40

Lever Food and Fuel Control Act

Question 41

Sold to United States civilians during World War I Holder who paid $10 could get back $13 if the held until maturity Important in financing the war effort Celebrities helped sell them

Answer 41

Liberty Bonds

Question 42

Popular foods were given different names in reaction to German antithapy Hamburger Sauerkraut

Answer 42

Liberty Sandwich Liberty Cabbage

Question 43

British liner sunk off the coast of Ireland by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915 128 Americans dead among almost 1,200 Sinking caused outrage in the United States and drew the U.S. closer to war with Germany

Answer 43

*Lusitania*

Question 44

Led black organization that argued that blacks should disassociate themselves from the "evils" of white society Organized a "back to Africa" movement and incouraged independent black businesses

Answer 44

Marcus Garvey

Question 45

Allied offensive in September to November 1918 American forces played a decisive role Convinced German general staff that victory was impossible

Answer 45

Meuse-Argonne Offensive

Question 46

Organization that launched the struggle to enforce the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendment Created by Du Bois Tag line in 1970s was: "A mind is a terrible thing to waste"

Answer 46

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Question 47

Founded in 1914 and preached patriotism and preparation for war In 1915, successfully lobbied government officials to set up camps to prepare men for military life and combat In 1917, it lobbied against immigration

Answer 47

National Security League

Question 48

Barred states from using sex as qualification to vote Ratified in 1920

Answer 48

Nineteenth Amendment

Answer 49

Open Door

Question 50

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) Socialist Party -- socialist vote averaged 20% in mayoral elections in 1917

Answer 50

Opposition to Entering World War I

Question 51

Part of the Red Scare, these were measures to hunt out political radicals and immigrants who were potential threats to American security Organized by Attorney General and carried out by J. Edgar Hoover Arrested 5,500 people

Answer 51

Palmer Raids

Question 52

Crucial for American economic growth and was constructed by American builders between 1904 and 1914 United States engineered a revolt against Columbia to guarantee a friendly government that would support this project Reduced passage from East to West by 8,000 miles

Answer 52

Panama Canal

Question 53

Led attack on Columbus, New Mexico Wilson responded by sending 10,000 troops

Answer 53

Pancho Villa

Question 54

Led uprising in Panama Roosevelt helped by preventing Columbia from supressing

Answer 54

Philippe Bunau-Varilla

Question 55

Wilson's foreign policy at the end of 1915 Initially seemed to have worked keeping the United States out of World War I

Answer 55

Policy of "Preparedness"

Question 56

American response to Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa's raid against Columbus, New Mexico, on March 9, 1916. 15,000-man strong force that was sent into Mexico under General John J. Persing Villa escaped but his army was dispersed

Answer 56

Punitive Expedition

Question 57

Vigorous repression of radicals, "political subversives" and "undesireable" immigrant groups took place in the years immediately following World War I Nearly 6,500 "radicals" were arrested and sent to jail, while nearly 500 immigrants were deported

Answer 57

Red Scare

Question 58

Group in the US Senate led by Henry Cabot Lodge that was opposed to sections of the Versailles Treaty Concerned that if the United States joined the League of Nations, American troops could be deployed without congressional approval

Answer 58

Reservationists

Question 59

Policy that extended the Monroe Doctrine Claimed right to exercise "international policy power" Warned European nations against intervening in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere and stated that the United States had the right to take action against a "wrongdoing" nation in Latin America

Answer 59

Roosevelt Corollary

Question 60

Awarded based on negotiated settlement of Russo-Japanese War of 1905

Answer 60

Roosevelt Nobel Peace Prize

Question 61

"Speak softly and carry a big stick"

Answer 61

Roosevelt's Favorite Proverb

Question 62

Stated it was illegal to criticize the government, the Constitution, the U.S. Army, or the U.S. Navy Passed in 1918 Prohibited statements that cast "contempt, scorn, or disrepute" on the "form of government" Socialist leader Eugene Debs received a 3-year sentence for criticizing militarism, and hundreds of others went to prison

Answer 62

Sedition Act of 1918

Question 63

Required 24 million men to register for the draft Resulted in Army expanding from 120,000 to 5 million men

Answer 63

Selective Service Act of 1917

Question 64

German response and committment to stop U-boat attacks on passenger ships Came after Wilson's demand following U-boat attack on French passenger liner in March 1916 that injured 6 Americans

Answer 64

Sussex Pledge

Question 65

Written by W.E.B. Du Bois calling for blacks to press for rights

Answer 65

*The Souls of Black Folk*

Question 66

Established the League of Nations Applied self-determination to Eastern Europe Created new nations: Finland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Yogoslavia Harsh treatment of Germany -- limits to armed forces, significant reparations

Answer 66

Treaty of Versailles

Question 67

Large group of caucausions attacked blacks; more than 300 died in the violence

Answer 67

Tulsa Race Riots

Question 68

Dominated economies of Honduras and Costa Rica Investment encouraged by U.S. government

Answer 68

United Fruit Company

Question 69

Black organization of the early 1920s founded by Marcus Garvey, who argued that blacks should diassociate themselves from the "evils" of white society Organized a "back to Africa" movement and encouraged independent black businesses

Answer 69

Untied Negro Improvement Association

Question 70

German policy that U-boats would attack all ships attempting to land at British or French ports Woodrow Wilson said that this volated the neutral rights of the United States, and America was forced to declare war

Answer 70

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Question 71

Result of Lenin's revolution and World War I

Answer 71

Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR)

Question 72

Location of battle in Mexico between American troops who arrived to prevent Huerta from obtaining weapons Wilson sent troops there upon learning that a German ship was heading to port with weapons 100 Mexicans and 19 Americans died Location of Cortes arrival in 16th century

Answer 72

Vera Cruz Incident

Question 73

Mexican military leader who seized power in 1913 Assisinated Franscisco Madero

Answer 73

Victoriano Huerto

Question 74

Wrote *The Souls of Black Folk* calling for blacks to press for equal rights Gathered group of black leaders at Niagra Falls in 1905 Helped to create the NAACP

Answer 74

W.E.B. Du Bois

Question 75

"...the traditional liberties of speech and opinion rest on no solid foundation"

Answer 75

Walter Lippman

Question 76

Authorized in 1917, mobilized American industries for the war effort Presided over all elements of war production Headed by Bernard Baruch, Wall Street financier Established standardized specifications for many things American production increased 22%

Answer 76

War Industries Board

Question 77

Established minimum wage, eight-hour day, right to form unions Agencies were partners with businesses as much as regulators

Answer 77

War Labor Board

Question 78

California law passed in 1913 that prohibited Japanese who were not American citizens from owning land in California Illustrates the nativist sentiment found in much of American society in the first decades of the 20th century

Answer 78

Webb Alien Land Law

Question 79

Woodrow Wilson's Secretary of State Strong anti-imperialist Resigned after Wilson's strongly worded response to the sinking of the *Lusitania*

Answer 79

William Jennings Bryan

Question 80

"...as crusaders, not merely to win a war, but to win a cause...to lead the world on the way of liberty."

Answer 80

Wilson at Versailles

Question 81

"He kept us out of war"

Answer 81

Wilson's Campaign Slogan

Question 82

"The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace must bet planted upon the tested foundation of political liberty."

Answer 82

Woodrow Wilson's Declaration of War

Question 83

As president, helped pass the last major progressive legislation Led the United States into World War I, and won international fame and a Nobel Peace Prize for his Fourteen Points Lost his health trying to pass the Versailles Treaty at home in the United States

Answer 83

Woodrow Wilson

Question 84

Would not recognize "government of butchers"

Answer 84

Woodrow Wilson, 1913 Reference to Huerto's Assassination of Madero

Question 85

"Go out and sell goods that will make the world more comfortable and happy, and convert them to the principles of America"

Answer 85

Woodrow Wilson, 1916

Question 86

Experience battling this disease in Cuba allowed the Army to successfully deal with it while building the Panama Canal Viral disease transmitted by mosquito

Answer 86

Yellow Fever

Question 87

German foreign minister sent communication to Mexico suggesting that Mexican army should join forces with Germany against the United States and reclaim American southwest British deciphered and turned it over the United States, causing anti-German feelings

Answer 87

Zimmerman Telegram

Question 88

Incident that prompted President Roosevelt to dishonorably discharge 156 African Americans began in July 1906 Blacks had refused to cooperate with a local investigation of a shootout Example of lingering discrimination in the United States

Answer 88

Brownsville Affair

Question 89

US troops arrived in Russia as part of Allied expeditionary force in 1918 to prevent shipment of German arms. Hemmed in by Russians for more than a year until they departed. Later, 10,000 U.S. troops arrived in Vladivostok in August 1918 to limit Japanese influence in Russia.

Answer 89

United States in Russia

Question 90

Foreign policy or principles that included: free flow of trade, investment, information and culture inherent in Wilson's statement that "since the manufacturer insists on having the world as a market, the flag of his nation must follow him and the doors of nations which are closed against him must be battered down."

Answer 90

"Open Door" Policy

Question 91

Belief that loyalty to one's nation and its political and economic interests came before any other public loyalty Increased in the period leading up to World War I Encouraged support for military buildup that created tensions across Europe

Answer 91

Ideology of Nationalism

Question 92

Organized by Du Bois to promote black rights Created Declaration of Principles calling for: ...right to vote. ...end to racial segregation ...complete equality in economic and educational opportunity

Answer 92

Niagra Falls Conference of 1905

Question 93

Developed idea of measuring intelligence that was used to justify discrimination against blacks and sterialization laws

Answer 93

Lewis Terman and IQ