EMOTION Flashcards by CN D

the “feeling” aspect of
consciousness

emotion

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emotion is characterized by:
– certain physical arousal
– certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world
– inner awareness of feelings

3 elements of emotion

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a complex structure with many different nuclei and subdivisions, whose roles have
been investigated primarily through studies of fear conditioning

amygdala

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emotional stimuli travel to the amygdala by both a fast, crude _ road (subcortical) and a slower but more involved cortical _ road

“low road” and “high road”

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the pathway underneath the cortex and is a faster, simpler path, allowing for quick responses to the stimulus, sometimes before we are consciously aware of the nature of the stimulus.

low road

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uses cortical pathways and is slower and more complex, but it allows us to recognize the threat and, when needed, take more conscious control of our emotional responses.

high road

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you feel _ because something you value is hurting/taken away from you

anger

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responsible for fear,emotion, anxiety

amygdala

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hemisphere
frontal lobes
anterior cingulate cortex
lateral orbitofrontal cortex

subcortical and cortical areas parts of the brain involved in emotion

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can vary across different cultures
– seem to be universal
– display rules

facial expression

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Interpreting the subjective feeling by giving it a label

Labeling Emotion

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deconstruct emotion

FRONTAL LOBES

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override emotion

ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX

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emotions manifesting in senses

LATERAL ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX

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PEOPLE WITH _ CAN’T DISTINGUISH EMOTIONS BECAUSE THEY HAVE ALEXITHYMIA/ EMOTIONAL BLINDNESS

AUTISM

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a stimulus leads to an emotion, which then leads to bodily arousal

Common Sense Theory of Emotion

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it was assumed that feeling a particular emotion led first to a physical reaction and then to a behavioral one.

Common Sense Theory of Emotion

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seeing a snarling dog in one’s path causes the feeling of fear, which stimulates the body to arousal, followed by the behavioral act of running; that is, people are aroused because they are afraid

Common Sense Theory of Emotion

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“I’m shaking because I’m afraid” (stimulus + emotion = ans/bodily arousal)

Common Sense Theory of Emotion

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a physiological reaction leads to the labeling of an emotion

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

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who was also the founder of the functionalist perspective in the early history of psychology, disagreed with the common sense viewpoint.

William James

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a physiologist and psychologist in Denmark, came up with an explanation of emotion so similar to that of James

Carl Lange (1885)

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PIONEER OF JAMES-LANGE THEORY OF EMOTION

William James & Carl Lange

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a stimulus leads to bodily arousal first, which is then interpreted as an emotion.

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

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“I’m afraid because I’m shaking.” (STIMULUS + ANS/BODILY AROUSAL = EMOTION)

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

the physiological reaction and the emotion are assumed to occur at the same time

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

a stimulus leads to activity in the brain, which then sends signals to arouse the body and interpret the emotion at the same time.

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

who are the Physiologists that theorized that the emotion and the physiological arousal occur more or less at the same time.

Walter Cannon (1927) and Philip Bard (1934)

Bard expanded on this idea by stating that the sensory information that comes into the brain is sent simultaneously (by the thalamus) to both the cortex and the organs of the sympathetic nervous system. The fear and the bodily reactions are, therefore, experienced at the same time

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

“I’m shaking and feeling afraid at the same time.” (STIMULUS = ANS/BODILY AROUSAL + EMOTION)

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

a critic of Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion and stated that the thalamus would have to be pretty sophisticated to make sense of all the possible human emotions and relay them to the proper areas of the cortex and body

Lashley (1938)

both the physical arousal and the labeling of that arousal based on cues from the environment must occur before the emotion is experienced

Cognitive Arousal Theory of Emotion

similar to the James-Lange theory but adds the element of cognitive labeling of the arousal

Schachter-Singer Cognitive Arousal Theory of Emotion

a stimulus leads to both bodily arousal and the labeling of that arousal (based on the surrounding context), which leads to the experience and labeling of the emotional reaction

Schachter-Singer Cognitive Arousal Theory of Emotion

two things have to happen before emotion occurs: the physical arousal and a labeling of the arousal based on cues from the surrounding environment. These two things happen at the same time, resulting in the labeling of the emotion

Schachter-Singer Cognitive Arousal Theory of Emotion

stimulus + (ans/bodily arousal + cognitive appraisal) = emotion

Schachter-Singer Cognitive Arousal Theory of Emotion

“This snarling dog is dangerous and that makes me feel afraid.”

Schachter-Singer Cognitive Arousal Theory of Emotion

Smile, You’ll Feel Better

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

facial expressions provide feedback to the brain concerning the emotion being expressed, which in turn causes and intensifies the emotion

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

a stimulus such as this snarling dog causes arousal and a facial expression. The facial expression then provides feedback to the brain about the emotion. The brain then interprets the emotion and may also intensify it

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

stimulus + (ans arousal in face + facial expression + cognitive interpretation of the facial interpretation) = emotion

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

a stimulus must be interpreted (appraised) by a person in order to result in a physical response and an emotional reaction

Cognitive Mediational Theory or Lazarus’s Cognitive-Mediational Theory of Emotion

a stimulus causes an immediate appraisal (e.g., “The dog is snarling and not behind a fence, so this is dangerous”). The cognitive appraisal results in an emotional response, which is then followed by the appropriate bodily response.

Cognitive Mediational Theory or Lazarus’s Cognitive-Mediational Theory of Emotion

stimulus + appraisal + emotion = ans/bodily response

Lazarus’s Cognitive-Mediational Theory of Emotion

Lazarus' cognitive-mediational theory facial feedback hypothesis James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Schachter-Singer cognitive arousal theory of emotion

5 theory on emotions

suggests that physiological arousal and the actual interpretation of that arousal based on cues from the environment must occur before the emotion itself is experienced

Schachter-Singer Cognitive Arousal Theory of Emotion

suggests that emotion and physiological arousal occur simultaneously

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

suggests that specific stimuli result in physical arousal and leads to labeling of the emotion

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

suggests that facial expressions (and other behaviors) provide feedback to the brain that can intensify or cause a specific emotion

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

places the emphasis on the cognitive appraisal and interpretation of the stimulus that causes the emotional reaction

Cognitive Mediational Theory or Lazarus’s Cognitive-Mediational Theory of Emotion

The Latin root word mot, meaning _ is the source of both of the words we use in this chapter over and over again, motive and emotion.

“to move”

Physically, when a person experiences an emotion, an is created by the

sympathetic nervous system

The heart rate increases, breathing becomes more rapid, the pupils dilate, and the mouth may become dry.

The Physiology of Emotion

_ are difficult to distinguish from one another on the basis of physiological reactions alone.

EMOTIONS

a small area located within the limbic system on each side of the brain, is associated with emotions such as fear and pleasure in both humans and animals

amygdala

There are facial expressions, body movements, and actions that indicate to others how a person _.

feels

_ EXPRESSIONS can vary across different cultures, although some aspects of fa- cial expression seem to be universal.

FACIAL EXPESSIONS

the labeling process is a matter of retrieving memories of previous similar experiences, perceiving the context of the emotion, and coming up with a solution—a label.

COGNITIVE ELEMENT

what theory states is the arousal of the “fight-or-flight” sympathetic nervous system (wanting to run), produces bodily sensations such as increased heart rate, dry mouth, and rapid breathing.

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

“I am afraid because I am aroused,”, “I am embarrassed because my face is red,” “I am nervous because my stomach is fluttering,” and “I am in love because my heart rate increases when I look at her (or him).”

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

who wrote The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals

CHARLES DARWIN

process facial muscles send msgs to the brain abt the basic emotion being expressed

facial feedback

stated that facial expressions evolved as a way of communicating intentions, such as threat or fear, and that these expressions are universal within a species rather than specific to a culture.

CHARLES DARWIN

He also believed (as in the James-Lange theory) that when such emotions are expressed freely on the face, the emotion itself intensifies—meaning that the more one smiles, the happier one feels.

CHARLES DARWIN

One of the more modern versions of cognitive emotion theories

Cognitive Mediational Theory or Lazarus’s Cognitive-Mediational Theory of Emotion

in this theory, the most important aspect of any emotional experience is how the person interprets or appraises the stimulus that causes the emotional reaction

Cognitive Mediational Theory or Lazarus’s Cognitive-Mediational Theory of Emotion

to mediate means to "come between"and in this theory the cognitive appraisal mediates by coming between the stimulus and the emotional response to that stimulus

Cognitive Mediational Theory or Lazarus’s Cognitive-Mediational Theory of Emotion

EMOTION Flashcards

(67 cards)