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SP604 > Emotional Behaviour > Flashcards

Emotional Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Emotion - Buck 1998

A

Involves feelings associated with expressive behaviours alongside peripheral physiological responses

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2
Q

Theories of Emotion - James-Lange

A

Arousal precedes the conscious feeling of emotion

Assumes an increase in arousal will enhance feelings of emotion

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3
Q

Theories of Emotion - James-Lange, Autonomic Feedback Hypothesis

A

People with locked-in syndrome have no skeletal response but show autonomic arousal

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4
Q

Theories of Emotion - James-Lange, Autonomic Feedback Hypothesis, Wiens et al 2000

A

People who can detect their heart rate accurately experience more intense emotion

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5
Q

Theories of Emotion - James-Lange, Autonomic Feedback Hypothesis, Heims et al 2004

A

Individuals with pure autonomic failure show no autonomic responses and impaired emotional experience

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6
Q

Theories of Emotion - James-Lange, Muscle Feedback Hypothesis, Lewis & Bowler 2009

A

Individuals with Botox cannot frown and alsoo experience less negative emotion

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7
Q

Theories of Emotion - James-Lange, Muscle Feedback Hypothesis, Strack, Martin & Stepper 1988

A

Holding a pen in the teeth to produce a smile increase positive emotion
Holding a pen in the lips to produce a frown increases negative emotion

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8
Q

Theories of Emotion - Cannon-Bard

A

Thalamus sends messages to the brain and hypothalamus simultaneously resulting in autonomic arousal and conscious emotion at the same time

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9
Q

Theories of Emotion - Schacter-Singer

A

Stimulus results in arousal which is then appraised using cues from the environment to inform individuals of which emotion they are experiencing

Can explain misattribution of arousal

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10
Q

Theories of Emotion - Schacter-Singer, Schacter & Singer 1962

A

Participants given adrenaline or placebo
Some were told the effects of the adrenaline so arousal could be explained

Participants were exposed to a happy or hostile confederate
Those with the adrenaline (to produce arousal) that were not told the effects (could not explain arousal) experienced stronger emotions in line with the confederate they were exposed to

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11
Q

Theories of Emotion - Schacter-Singer, White et al 1960

A

Swinging-bridge study

More likely to call back if walked over swinging bridge as the subsequent arousal was attributed to the experimenter’s attractiveness rather than the bridge

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12
Q

Communicating Emotion - Facial Expression, Ekman et al 1982

A

Certain expressions are recognised across cultures, despite differences in their expression and judgements

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13
Q

Communicating Emotion - Facial Expression, Jack et al 2009

A

Different cultures judge the same emotion differently
Eye-tracking heat map

East Asians will use the eyes to judge emotion
Westerners will use the mouth to judge emotion

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14
Q

Communicating Emotion - Body Language, Heider-Simmel 1944

A

Emotional recognition is easier when individuals are in the presence of another, possibly due to baseline comparisons

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15
Q

Communicating Emotion - Body Language, Clark et al 2005

A

Bodies do not need to be physically present to recognise emotion

Point light displays can be used for emotion recognition

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16
Q

Communicating Emotion - Problems, Baron-Cohen et al 1997

A

Individuals with Autism show impaired emotion recognition when using the eyes

Able to recognise emotion from whole face
Able to recognise gender from just eyes

17
Q

Communicating Emotion - Problems, Jones, Carr & Klin 2008

A

Individuals with Autism look at the eyes less and the mouth more
If eyes show emotion and those with Autism do not tend to look at them, this explains why their emotion perception is deficient

Eye fixation time correlates positively to level of social disability

18
Q

Emotional Brain - Amygdala, Adolphs et al 1995

A

Bilateral amygdala damage impairs fear processing

19
Q

Emotional Brain - Amygdala, Patient SM

A

Bilateral amygdala destruction

Inability to recognise or generate images to represent fear
Stems from inability to use information from the eyes to recognise emotions unless directed to

20
Q

Emotional Brain - Amygdala, Feinstein et al 2012

A

Individuals with amygdala lesions show no fear manifestations

21
Q

Emotional Brain - Amygdala, Whalen et al 2004

A

fMRI
Fear is shown in the eyes from increased sclera (whites)

Viewing only the sclera of eyes results in increased amygdala activity

22
Q

Emotional Brain - Amygdala, Testosterone, Hermans, Ramsey & van Honk

A

Exogeneous testosterone increases amygdala activity in response to threat

23
Q

Emotional Brain - Amygdala, Testosterone, van Honk & Schutter 2007

A

Testosterone reduces conscious detection of facial signlas, resulting in antisocial behaviour

24
Q

Emotional Brain - Amygdala, Fear Conditioning, Gao et al 2010

A

Lack of fear at aged 3 correlates to increased criminality at age 23

25
Q

Emotional Brain - Amygdala, Threat Ambiguity, Adams et al

A

fMRI

Larger activity in amygdala when anger in averted and fear is direct, indicating threat from elsewhere

26
Q

Emotional Brain - Insula, Harrison et al 2010

A

Body-boundary violations activate the inferiror insular cortex
Core disgust activates the superior insular cortex

Could support James-Lange theory where the location of the arousal informs the type of emotion

27
Q

Emotional Brain - Insula, Phillips et al 1998

A

fMRI

Strong to mild facial disgust results in anterior insular cortex activity
Does not result in amygdala activity, dissociating amygdala’s role in all emotion

28
Q

Emotional Brain - Insula, Calder et al 2000

A

Patient NK had an insula lesion

Showed significant impairments in recognition and experience of disgust but no other emotions

29
Q

Emotional Brain - Hemispheric Differences, Left Hemisphere

A

Location of BAS

Individuals with greater activity in the left frontal cortex tend to be happier

30
Q

Emotional Brain - Hemispheric Differences, Right Hemisphere

A

Location of BIS

31
Q

Emotional Brain - Hemispheric Differences, Right Hemisphere, Sander & Scheich 2001

A

Right hemisphere shows increased amygdala activiy when exposed to crying or laughter compared to left hemisphere

32
Q

Emotional Brain - Hemispheric Differences, Right Hemisphere, Rosen et al 2002

A

Individuals with frontotemporal dementia show abnormal emotional processing, impaired comprehence of negative valence emotions

Levels of emotional comprehnsion correlate to atrophy of the right amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex

SP604 (9 decks)

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