Emotional Development Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the functionalist approach to emotions?
The broad function of emotions is to energize behaviour aimed at attaining a personal goal.
What are the primary emotions?
Happiness, anger, fear
What are emotions?
Rapid appraisal of the personal significance of a situation
What are the secondary emotions?
Guilt, shame, embarrassment, envy, pride (social emotions)
What are emotional scripts?
Inferring from the apparent emotions of other people what the child’s emotions should be during a situation (still face paradigm, reciprocal interactions).
What is the still face paradigm?
Evidence of infants sensitivity to social reciprocity.
What is empathy?
Ability to detect other’s emotions and assume their perspective.
What is sympathy?
Concern for the plight of others.
What is Hoffman’s theory of the development of empathy?
Stage 0 - newborn reactive cry
Stage 1 - egocentric empathic distress (comfort self for being upset about another’s distress)
Stage 2 - quasi egocentric empathic distress
Stage 3 - empathic distress
What is the Just World Hypothesis?
The hypothesis people naturally arrive at that if something bad happened to a person they must have deserved it. Takes responsibility to help from bystander to victim.
What is temperament?
Stable individual differences in reactivity and self regulation
What were the results of Thomas and Chess’s New York Longitudinal Study?
Parenting affects temperament
What is the Thomas and Chess model of temperament?
10 dimensions: activity, rhythmicity, distractibility, approachability/withdrawal, adaptability, attention span, intensity of reaction, threshold of responsiveness, quality of mood.
What are the 3 types of children according to Thomas and Chess’s model of temperament?
Easy: regular routines, cheerful, adapts quickly
Difficult: irregular routines, slow to accept change, reacts negatively and intensely
Slow-To-Warm-Up: inactive, mild reactions to environmental stimuli, negative mood, slowly accepts change
What is the Rothbart model of temperament?
Reactivity, activity, attention span/persistence, fearful distress, irritable distress, positive affect, self regulation, effortful control
What biological tests can conclude if a child is inhibited or uninhibited?
Heart rate, hormone levels, EEG brain waves of the frontal cerebral cortex
What is the Thomas and Chess goodness of fit model?
Model that proposes child rearing environments that recognize each child’s temperament while encouraging more adaptive functioning.
Who is responsible for the attachment experiment with baby macaques?
Harlow and Zimmerman
What are John Bowlby’s attachment phases?
Preattachment: (birth - 6 wks) recognition of mother but no attachment
Attachment-in-the-making: (6 wks - 6/8 months) responds differently to caregiver due to sense of trust that they will always be there for them
Clear-cut Attachment: (6/8 months - 18 mo/2 yrs) evident attachment, separation anxiety, use as a secure base
Formation of reciprocal relationship: (2 yrs +) language helps understand factors of coming and going; separation anxiety decreases
How did Mary Ainsworth measure attachment?
The strange situation experiment
What are Ainsworth’s types of attachments?
Secure, avoidant, resistant, disorganized
What is secure attachment?
Separation anxiety occurs, quick to reunite
What is avoidant attachment?
infant unresponsive to parent, can be comforted by stranger, slow to reunite with parent
What is resistant attachment?
Infant stays close to parent and does not explore environment, reacts similarly to parent and stranger, slow to reunite
