Modern Theories and Research Methods Flashcards
(15 cards)
Who were the behaviourist proponents?
Skinner, Bandura, Watson
What is Mischel’s theory about individuals?
Individuals have no traits, only responses to stimuli.
What are disorders?
Different positions on the spectrum of a trait that may or may not be maladaptive to the individual.
What are psychological traits?
Adaptations that orient us one way or another and allow us to fixate on certain stimuli and organize experiences in a way that is relevant.
What is the difference between behaviourism and psychodynamic theory?
Change possible at all stages of life - behaviourism. Early experiences are crucial and later change is difficult - psychodynamic theory.
What is overextension?
Applying labels to an unfamiliar object that only meets some criteria for a category.
What is under extension?
Using the only known label in application to something unfamiliar that does not fit any label in the child’s current schemes
What is behavioural genetics?
Theory that individuals carry genetic and environmental variance
What is internal validity?
measure of whether the results of an experiment actually measure an internal construct.
What is external validity?
Extent to which results of experiment are accurate in real world situations.
What experimental findings are credited to Hartshorne and May?
The only thing that affected subjects cheating on a test was the likelihood of getting caught; result of failed honesty questionnaire
Who are responsible for experiments on laboratory bystander effects?
Latane and Rodin
Who are responsible for natural situation experiments on bystander effects?
Pliavin, Rodin, and Pliavin
What were the lab results of the bystander effect experiment?
70% of people helped others when alone, 40% when in a group.
What were the natural situation results of the bystander experiment?
Most of the time the crippled person was helped, half the time the drunk person was helped.
