Intelligence Flashcards
(29 cards)
Who is Franz Joseph Gall?
Proponent of phrenology
What is phrenology?
Study of the shape of the brain and its components in learning about and predicting people’s abilities and personalities
Who is Binet?
Psychologist credited with development of the Intelligence Quotient and its testing for public schools of France
What is “g”?
Spearman’s global intelligence factor. Represents a general aptitude towards most things. As g increases so do abilities.
Who is Thurstone?
Proponent of multiple intelligences theory and challenger to Spearman and g theory.
What is the hierarchical model of intelligence?
different experiences lead to different knowledge and abilities (intelligences)
What is Cattel’s model of intelligence?
Two factors of intelligence (two factors of g): crystallized and fluid intelligence
What is crystallized intelligence?
Mastery of accumulated knowledge and experience including social customs
What is fluid intelligence?
Mastery of culturally insensitive skills such as basic information processing, relationships among stimuli, processing speed, and memory.
What is the theory of multiple intelligences?
Theory that intelligence is the ability to fashion products or solve problems that are valued in more than one cultural setting through the use of 8 uncorrelated intelligences which map onto neurological pathways.
What are Gardner’s 8 intelligences?
Logic/math, verbal, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, musical, kinaesthetic, visual/spatial
What does an IQ test result predict?
Academic/job success, psychological health
What was Jensen’s proposal for the school system?
Provision of different avenues for students with different abilities and different levels of intelligences so that they can use their inherited intelligence to its full potential
Who are Murray and Hernstein?
Authors of The Bell Curve
What are the premises of the book The Bell Curve?
Cognitive ability can be precisely measured, is genetically determined, and remains almost static.
What are passive genes?
Caregiver’s genes determine child’s environment
What are evocative genes?
Child’s genes cause them to be treated in a certain way
What are active genes?
Children with certain genes choose certain environments (niche picking)
What is the Flynn Effect?
People select environments based on genetic predisposition, which in turn effect IQ
What is John Carroll’s 3 Stratum Theory of Intelligence?
Tiered intelligence scheme: G factor»_space; aptitude for broad abilities»_space; aptitude for specific abilities
What is the Sternberg Triarch theory of intelligence?
Division of intelligence into three categories: analytical, creative, practical
What is the Weschler intelligence Scale?
Intelligence test before Binet that tested children ages 6-16 for verbal/perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed.
What is H.O.M.E.
Home Observation for Measure of the Environment - checklist for gathering information about the quality of a child’s home environment.
What are critical features of early intervention programs?
Starting early (months-3 years), good teachers, small classes, intensive intervention, emphasis on parent involvement, whole-child focus
