eMRCS - anatomy Flashcards by molly strafford

What is a Bochladek hernia and what are its features

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Usually located in the left hemidiaphragm - associated with lung hypoplasia. Can contain the stomach.
Can result in a displaced apex beat

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Which is more common a Bochladek or Morgani hernia

Bochladek

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In which type of hernia would you see the transverse colon in the Thorax

Morgani

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Which nerve is at risk during extraction of the 3rd molar

Lingual nerve

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What is the anterior fascia of the rectum

Denonvilliers fascia

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What is the posterior fascia of the rectum

Waldeyers fascia

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Which artery supplies the rectum

Superior rectal artery - branch of the IMA
Middle rectal artery - from the internal iliac artery
Inferior rectal artery - from the pudendal artery

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In which anatomical location would a Spigelian hernia occur

Lateral to the rectus muscle at the level of the arcuate line

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What compromises the lacrimal apparatus

Lacrimal gland, lacrimal ducts, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac and naso lacrimal duc

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What is the arterial supply to the lacrimal apparatus

Ophthalmic artery

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What is the most inferior single branch of the aorta and where does it branch

Median sacral artery
Branches at L4

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Where does the IMA branch from the aorta

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Which arteries branch from the aorta at L1

SMA
Middle suprarenal
Renal arteries (L1-2)

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Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve lie

Medial to the lobes of the thyroid, in a groove between the oesophagus and the trachea

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Where does the trachea bifurcate

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What is the lymphatic drainage of the vagina

Superior vagina - internal and external iliac lymph nodes
Inferior vagina - superficial inguinal nodes

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What is the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries

Para-aortic nodes

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Which part of the female reproductive system drains to the para aortic lymph nodes

Ovaries
Uterine fundus

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Which lymph nodes does the cervix drain to

External iliac nodes - through the broad ligament
Presacral nodes - along the uterosacral folds
Internal iliac nodes

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What is the most superficial structure in the popliteal fossa

Tibial nerve

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PSNS fibres innervating the parotid gland originate from where

Otic Ganglion

Secretion of saliva is controlled by inferior salivary nucleus, fibres leave this via the tympanic nerve (branch of glossopharyngeal (IX) and travel through the tympanic plexus, then forming the lesser petrosal nerve before reaching the otic ganglion

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What are the layers of the scrotum

Skin
Dartos fascia and muscle
External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric muscle and fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
Parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis
Testes

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What is the contents of the cavernous sinus

Oculomotor nerve (III)
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Abducens nerve (VI)
Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
Maxillary nerve (V2)
Carotid artery

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Which branch of the trigeminal nerve will not be found in the cavernous sinus

Mandibular

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Which fascia separates the prostate from the rectum

Denonvilliers

Which fascia separates the rectum from the sacrum

Waldeyeres

Which artery supplies the caecum

Ileocolic

What is the blood supply to the stomach

Left gastric artery Short gastric vessels Gastro-epiploic arteries

The brachial artery is crossed by which nerve in the median cubital fossa

Median nerve

Division of which fascial layer will expose the ansa cervicalis

Division of the pretracheal fascia The ansa cervicalis lies anterior to the carotid artery and the carotid sheath

Where are the level 3 axillary nodes found

Between pectoralis major and minor

Which vessels pierces pectoralis major and gives branches off here

Thoracoacromial artery

Which muscle is penetrated by the parotid duct

Buccinator

Dorsalis pedis is a continuation of which artery

Anterior tibial artery

What are the borders of the femoral canal

Anterior - Inguinal ligament laterally - femoral vein medially - lacunar ligament Posterior - pectineal ligament

What is the origin of the testicular artery

Abdominal aorta

Which muscles does the radial nerve (main) supply ?

Triceps Aconeus Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis

Which muscles are supplied by the posterior interossesous branch of the radial nerve

Supinator Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Extensor indicis Extensor digiti minimi Extensor pollicis longus and brevis Abductor pollicis longus

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck

Anterior border of sternoclediomastoid Lower border of mandible Anterior midline

What are the contents of the anterior triangle

Digastric triangle: submandibular glands, submandibular nodes, facial vessels, hypoglossal nerve Muscular triangle: strap muscles, jugular vein Carotid triangle: carotid sheath, ansa cervicalis

What is the contents of the carotid sheath

Common carotid artery, vagus nerve, internal jugular

In which triangle is the phrenic nerve found

Posterior

At what level is the transpyloric plane

What is found at the level of the transpyloric plane

Pylorus stomach Left kidney hilum (L1- left one!) Fundus of the gallbladder Neck of pancreas Duodenojejunal flexure Superior mesenteric artery Portal vein Left and right colic flexure Root of the transverse mesocolon 2nd part of the duodenum Upper part of conus medullaris Spleen

Which structures are found superficial to the extensor retinaculum

Basilic vein Cephalic vein Dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve Superficial branch of the radial nerve

Which structure lacks a serosal layer

Oesophagus

Where does brachialis insert

Ulna

What are the features of Klumpkes paralysis

Claw hand - MCP extended IP flexed Loss of sensation over the medial forearm and hand Horners syndrome Loss of flexors at the wrist

What lesion results in Klumpkes paralysis

C8 T1

What are the branches of the subclavian artery

Vertebral artery Internal thoracic Thryocervical trunk Costocervical trunk Dorsal scapular

Where are accessory spleens found

Hilum of the spleen Tail of the pancreas Along the splenic vessels Gastrosplenic ligament Splenorenal ligament Stomach Intestine the greater omentum mesentery the gonads

What are the 3 main branches of the coeliac axis

Left gastric Hepatic Splenic

Pancreatic a, short gastric a and left gastroepiploic a branch from which main artery

Splenic artery

What are the branches of the hepatic artery

Right gastric Gastroduodenal Superior pancreaticoduodenal Cystic

Which nerve supplies the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Glossopharyngeal

What is the lymphatic drainage of the rectum

Mesorectal lymph nodes - superior to the dentate line Inguinal lymph nodes - inferior to the dentate line

Where does the SMA drain

The portal vein

What accompanies the posterior interventricular artery in the interventricular groove

Middle cardiac vein

What nerve innervates stylohyoid

Facial nerve

What are the contents of the deep perineal pouch

Urethral sphincter Transversus perenei Dorsal nerve of the penis Deep and dorsal arteries of the penis Urethral artery

Where does the long head of triceps arise from

Infraglenoid tubercle

Which nerve is closely related to the middle meningeal

Auriculotemporal

Which nerve is at risk during an inguinal hernia repair

Ilioinguinal

The middle menigneal artery is a branch of which artery

Maxillary

What are the constrictions of the oseophagus

Arch of the aorta Left main bronchus Cricoid cartilage Diaphragmatic hiatus

What nerves are at risk during a carotid endarterectomy?

Hypoglossal Greater auricular Superior laryngeal

The pudendal canal lies on the inferior border of which muscle

Obturator internus

The buccal branch of the facial nerves supplies which muscles

Zygomaticus minor Buccinator Levator anguli oris Orbicularis Nasalis

What nerve supplies the sensation of the superior lateral aspect of the foot

Sural nerve

Periosteum is attached to bone via which fibres

Sharpey's fibres

Which structures pass through both the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

Pudendal nerve Internal pudendal artery Nerve to obturator interns

The right gastro-epiploic artery is a branch of which artery

Gastroduodenal artery

What forms the pen asnerinus

Sartorius Gracillis Semintendinous

Where does the right testicular vein drain into

IVC

Describe the course of the median nerve relative to the brachial artery

Lateral - anterior - medial

The subclavian artery is separated from the subclavian vein by which structure

Scalenus anterior

The thebsian veins draining the heart drain into which structure

Atrium

Which finger has not attachement for the palmar interossei

Middle finger

All the intrinsic muscles of the tongue are supplied by which nerve

Hypoglossal

What is the nervous innervation of latissimus dorsi

Thoracodorsal

At what level is the hyoid bone

The notch of the thyroid is felt at what level

The posterior cord of the brachial plexus gives rise to what branches

Radial nerve Axillary nerve Upper sub scapular nerve Lower sub scapular nerve Thoracodorsal nerve

What is the lymph drainage of the prostate

Internal iliac nodes Sacral nodes

From which structure is the inguinal ligament formed

External oblique aponeurosis

Where would you find the ampulla of Vater

Medial aspect of the 2nd part of the duodenum - usually 8-10cm from the pylorus and 2-3cm inferior to the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct

Where does the thoracic duct lie in relation to the oesophagus

Found posterior to the oesophagus, to the left at the level of the Angle of Louis

What structure does the chorda tympani run medial to

Pars Flacida

Which artery runs alongside the saphenous vein

Deep external pudendal

Which tendon provides the main structural support to the uterus

Central perineal tendon

From which nerve roots does the sciatic nerve arise from

L4 - S3

Which nerve lies deep to pronator teres, separating it from the median nerve

Ulnar nerve

Where on the femur does psoas major insert

Lesser trochanter

Which vessel is a lateral relation of the inferior parathyroid

Common carotid a

Which rotator cuff muscles inserts onto the lesser tuberosity of the humerus

Subscapularis

What is the nerve supply to the skin of the scrotum

Anterior skin - ilioinguinal Posterior skin - Pudendal

The epigastric artery is a branch of which artery

External iliac artery

At what point do the common iliacs drain into the IVC

Within which triangle of the neck does the transverse cervical nerve lie

Posterior trianlge

What is the arterial supply to the prostate gland

Inferior vesical artery

At what level does the dura terminate

In which part of the mediastinum is the thoracic duct found

Posterior and superior mediastinum

What nerve is most closely related to the bladder

Obturator nerve

What is the most posterior structure at the hilum of the right kindney

Right ureter

How many compartments in extensor retinaculum for the extensors of the hand

What is the innervation of digastric

Posterior belly - facial nerve Anterior belly - Mylohyoid nerve

The posterior tibial artery is closely related to which nerve

Tibial nerve

Describe the blood supply of the pancreas

Pancreatic head - supplied by the pancreaticoduodenal artery Pancreatic tail - supplied by branches of the splenic artery

The cervical oesophagus is supplied by which artery

Inferior thyroid artery

Into how many compartments can the jugular foramen be divided ?

3 - anterior, middle and posterior

What is the contents of the jugular foramen

Inferior petrosal sinus Glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves Sigmoid sinus (becoming the internal jugular vein)

At what level does the coeliac axis branch from the aorta

T12

eMRCS - anatomy Flashcards

(112 cards)