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Cranial Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the anterior cranial fossa

A

Frontal bone
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone

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2
Q

What attaches to the frontal crest

A

Falx cerebri

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3
Q

What is the crista Galli and what attaches here

A

An upward projection of bone from the ethmoid bone
A point of attachment for the falx cerebri

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4
Q

What is found on either side of the crista galli

A

Cribiform plate

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5
Q

On which aspect of the sphenoid bone does the tentorium cerebelli attach

A

Anterior and posterior clinoid process of the sphenoid

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6
Q

What is transmitted through the anterior ethmoidal foramen

A

Anterior ethmoidal artery, nerve and vein

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7
Q

What is transmitted through the posterior ethmoidal foramen

A

posterior ethmoidal artery, nerve and vein.

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8
Q

Which part of the anterior cranial fossa is the thinnest and most vulnerable to fracture

A

Cribiform plate

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9
Q

What forms the middle cranial fossa

A

Sphenoid bone
2x temporal bones

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10
Q

In which cranial fossa is the pituitary gland found

A

Middle cranial fossa

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11
Q

Which part of the sphenoid bone accommodates the pituitary gland

A

Sella turcica

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12
Q

In which bone is the optic canal found and what does it transmit

A

Sphenoid bone
Optic nerve and ophthalmic arteries

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13
Q

Which 4 Foramina are found in the middle cranial fossa

A

Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum

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14
Q

What is transmitted through the superior orbital fissure

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V1) (lacrimal, nasociliary and frontal branches)
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
Ophthalmic veins and sympathetic fibres

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15
Q

What is transmitted through the foramen rotundum

A

Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V2)

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16
Q

What is transmitted through the foramen ovale

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
Accessory meningeal artery

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17
Q

What is transmitted through the Foramen spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery
Middle meningeal vein
Meningeal branch of CN V3

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18
Q

Which 4 foramina pass through the temporal bone

A

Hiatus of the greater petrosal nerve
Hiatus of lesser petrosal nerve
Carotid canal

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19
Q

What is transmitted through the hiatus of the greater petrosal nerve

A

Greater petrosal nerve (a branch of the facial nerve)
Petrosal branch of the middle menigneal artery

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20
Q

What is transmitted through the hiatus of the lesser petrosal nerve

A

Lesser petrosal nerve (branch of glossopharyngeal)

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21
Q

What is transmitted through the carotid canal

A

Internal carotid artery
Deep petrosal nerve

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22
Q

What forms the posterior cranial fossa

A

Occipital bone
2x temporal bones

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23
Q

Which foramina is found in the temporal bone

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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24
Q

What passes through the internal acoustic meatus

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Vestibular ganglion
Labriynthe artery

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25
What are the formaina found in the occipital bone
Foramen magnum Jugular foramen Hypoglossal canal
26
What is transmitted through the foramen magnum
Medulla of brain Meninges Vertebral arteries Spinal accessory nerve Dural veins Anterior and posterior spinal arteries
27
What is transmitted through the jugular foramen
Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve Spinal accessory nerve Internal jugular vein Inferior petrosal sinus Sigmoid sinus Meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries.
28
What is transmitted through the hypoglossal canal
Hypoglossal nerve
29
What is the pterygopalantine fossa
Bilateral, cone-shaped depression extending deep from the infratemporal fossa all the way to the nasal cavity via the sphenopalatine foramen
30
What communicates with the pterygopalatine fossa
Pterygomaxillary fissure Foramen rotundum Pterygoid canal Pharyngeal canal Inferior orbital fissure Greater palatine canal Sphenopalatine foramen
31
What is the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa
Maxillary nerve Maxillary artery Pterygopalatine ganglion
32
Where is the inferior orbital fissure found
between the sphenoid and maxillary bones
33
What is transmitted by the inferior orbital fissure
Zygomatic branch of the maxillary nerve Infraorbital artery and vein
34
What does the sphenopalatine foramen connect
Pterygopalatine fossa to the nasal cavity
35
What is transmitted by the sphenopalatine foramen
Sphenopalatine artery and vein Nasopalatine nerve
36
Which nerves pass through the infratemporal fossa
Mandibular nerve Sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve - Auriculotemporal, buccal, lingual and inferior alveolar nerves Chorda tympani Otic ganglion
37
Which blood vessels pass through the infratemporal fossa
Maxillary artery Pterygoid venous plexus Maxillary vein Middle meningeal vein
38
Which artery gives rise to the middle meningeal artery
Maxillary artery
39
What is MacEwan's triangle
Mastoid fossa
40
Which bones form the cranial roof
Frontal Occipital 2 x parietal bones
41
Which bones form the cranial base
Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid Occipital Parietal Temporal
42
What are the facial bones
Zygomatic x 2 Lacrimal x 2 Nasal x 2 Inferior nasal conchae x 2 Palatine x 2 Maxilla x 2 Vomer Mandible
43
Le Fort Classification classifies fractures of which bone
Maxilla
44
What is a Le Fort 1 #
Horizontal # of the alevolar ridge (above upper teeth, just below nose)
45
What is Le Fort 2 #
# line is from corners of mouth up the bridge of nose in a triangle Pyramidal # of the nasofrontal suture # from the corners of mouth up the bridge of nose in a triangle shape
46
What is a Le Fort 3 #
# line runs across entire face at point of midpoint of orbits Horizontal cranial facial dislocation # line runs across entire width of face, at level of mid orbit
47
what are the sutures of the skull
Coronal suture Sagittal suture Lamboid suture
48
What is the coronal sutures between
The frontal bone and parietal bones
49
What is the sagittal suture between
Between the two parietal bones
50
What is the lambdoid suture between
Occipital bones and 2 parietal bones
51
What forms the roof of the orbit
Frontal bone and lesser wing of sphenoid
52
What forms the floor of the orbit
Maxilla, palatine, zygomatic bones
53
What forms the lateral wall of the orbit
Zygomatic bone and greater wing of sphenoid
54
What forms the medial wall of the orbit
Ethmoid, maxilla, lacrimal and sphenoid bones
55
What are the 3 pathways into the orbit
Optic canal Superior orbital fissure Inferior orbital fissure
56
What are the 3 features of the internal surface of the frontal bone
Sagital sulcus - contains superior sagittal sinus Frontal crest - falx cerebri attaches Groove for the anterior middle meningeal artery
57
Which muscle attaches to the frontal bone and via what
Cartilaginous pulley for the superior oblique muscle Attaches to the trochlear fossa
58
Which bones does the frontal bone articulate with
Paired - Nasal, maxilla, lacrimal, parietal, zygomatic Unpaired - Ethmoid, sphenoid
59
Why is the sphenoidal body basically hollow
It contains the sphenoidal sinuses
60
What are the bony landmarks of the sphenoid body
Sella turcica Chiasmatic groove
61
Which wing of the sphenoid is the optic canal in
Lesser wing
62
Which parts of the facial skeleton does the greater wing of the sphenoid contribute to
Floor of middle cranial fossa Lateral wall of skull Posterolateral wall of orbit
63
Which foramina are found in the greater wing of the sphenoid
Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum
64
To which part of the sphenoid bone do muscles attach
The lateral pterygoid plates
65
The superior orbital fissure is found where
Between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid
66
Which part of the sella turcica in the sphenoid bone does the pituitary sit
Hypophyseal fossa
67
Which part of the ethmoid bone makes up the roof of the nasal cavity
Cribiform plate
68
The superior 2/3 of the nasal septum is formed by which structure
Perpendicular plate of the sphenoid bone
69
What is contained in the ethmoidal labyrinths
Ethmoidal air cells - sinuses
70
Which CN has a close relationship with the ethmoid bone
CN I - Olfactory nerve
71
What are the 5 parts of the temporal bone
Squamous Tympanic Petromastoid Zygomatic process Styloid process
72
The squamous part of the temporal bone is the origin of which muscle
Temporalis
73
The zygomatic process of the temporal bone articulates with what to form the palpable cheek bone
Temporal process of the zygomatic bone
74
Which part of the temporal bone surrounds the external auditory opening
Tympanic part of the temporal bone
75
Which part of the temporal bone contains the inner ear
Petrous part
76
Which muscles attach to the temporal bone
Temporalis Masseter Sternocleidomastoid Posterior belly of digastric Splenius capitus
77
What is the pterion
the area where the temporal, parietal, frontal and sphenoid bones meet
78
What are the three parts of the occipital bone
Squamous Condylar Basilar
79
Which grooves are found on the interior surface of the occipital bone
Groove for transverse sinus Groove for superior sagittal sinus Internal occipital crest
80
The falx cerebri attaches to which structure on the interior surface of the occipital bone
Internal occipital crest
81
What are the 4 lines found on the external surface of the occipital bone
Supreme nuchal line Superior nuchal line Median nuchal line Inferior nuchal line
82
What do the occipital condyles articulate with
The atlas
83
Which foramina are found in the occipital bone
Hypoglossal canal Jugular foramen
84
Which region of the occipital bone forms the anterior part of the foramen magnum
Basilar region of the occipital bone
85
Why is the loose aerolar connective tissue over the occipital scalp known as the 'danger area'
contains valveless emissary veins that connect the superficial veins in the subaponeurotic space with the intracranial venous sinuses Makes it possible for infection to spread between the scalp to the meninges
86
What are the parts of the mandible
Central body 2 vertical rami
87
What are the 2 borders of the body of the mandible
Alveolar border - superior Base - inferior
88
What does the alveolar border of the mandible contain
16 sockets to hold the lower teeth
89
What is enclosed within the mandibular symphysis
Mental protuberance
90
What are the 3 parts of the rami of the mandible
Head Neck Coronoid process
91
What does the head of the mandible articulate with
The temporal bone
92
Which muscle attaches to the neck of the mandible
Lateral pterygoid muscle
93
Which muscle attaches to the coronoid process of the mandible
Temporalis
94
What 2 foramen are found in the mandible
Mandibular foramen Mental foramen
95
What passes through the mandibular foramen
Inferior alveolar nerve and inferior alveolar artery
96
What passes through the mental foramen
Allows the inferior alveolar nerve and artery to exit the mandibular canal
97
What does the inferior alveolar nerve become once it has passed through the mental foramen
Mental nerve
98
Which muscles attach to the external surface of the body of the mandible
Mentalis Buccinator Platysma Depressor labii inferioris Depressor anguli oris
99
Which muscles attach to the internal surface of the body of the mandible
Geniogossus Geniohyoid Mylohyoid Digastric
100
Which muscles attach to the rami of the mandible
Masseter Temporalis Medial pterygoid Lateral pterygoid
101
Which bones form the internal nasal septum
Paired bones - nasal, maxillary, palatine Unpaired bones - Ethmoid and vomer bones
102
Which bone forms the posterior aspect of the nasal septum
Vomer

MRCS (17 decks)

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