Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

COMLEX 3 > Endo > Flashcards

Endo Flashcards

1
Q

How calculate total daily insulin requirement?

A

Cr >1.5 + age>65 + glucose<180 –> 0.3u/kg

Otherwise –> 0.5u/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how much of total daily insulin administer as basal and bolus?

A

50% basal + 50% bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how much of total daily insulin administer as mixed insulin?

A

2/3 in AM + 1/3 in PM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

glucose check –> goal level?

A

100-150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DM –> dx?

A
  • fasting glucose >126
  • random glucose >200
  • 2hr glucose >200
  • A1c >6.5%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DM –> glycemic goal?

A

A1c <7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 are associated with what 2 conditions?

A
  • juvenile DM1

- autoimmune hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

autoimmune hepatitis is associated with what antibody?

A

anti-smooth muscle Ab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

72M –> insomnia, fatigue, irregular pulse –> dx?

A

Afib from hyperthyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pheochromocytoma –> rule of 10s

A 
10% extra-renal
10% familial
10% bilateral
10% malignant
10% in children
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is alopecia areata

A

autoimmune –> patchy hair loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TSH: low
T4: high
US: diffuse enlargement of thyroid
Radioactive iodine uptake scan: diffusely decreased uptake

condition?

A

autoimmune thyroiditis (acute hyperthyroid phase):

  • Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
  • DeQuervain’s granulomatosis thyroiditis (subacute painful thyroiditis)
  • silent autoimmune thyroiditis (subacute painless thyroiditis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

silent autoimmune thyroiditis (subacute painless thyroiditis) –> risk factors (3)

A
  • spontaneously
  • post-infection
  • postpartum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis –> Ab

A
  • thyroglobulin Ab

- thyroid peroxidase Ab (TPO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

differentiate: Hashimoto’s vs De Quervain’s granulomatous thyroiditis

A

Hashimoto:

  • painless
  • lymphocytic infiltrate

De Quervain’s:

  • painful
  • granulomatous response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

TSH: low
T4: high
US: diffuse enlargement of thyroid
Radioactive iodine uptake scan: diffusely increased uptake

condition?

A

Graves disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

TSH: low
T4: high
US: normal
Radioactive iodine uptake scan: diffusely decreased uptake

condition?

A
  • exogenous ingestion of T4

- stroma ovarii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

TSH: low
T4: high
US: irreg heterogenous nodules
Radioactive iodine uptake scan: focal areas of increased uptake

condition?

A
  • toxic multinodular goiter

- toxic adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Graves disease –> pathophys

A

autoimmune –> TSH receptor Ab –> increase thyroglobuin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how differentiate bw exogenous ingestion of T4

vs stroma ovarii

A

sestamibi scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

thyroid storm –> tx

A
  • cool IVF, cool blankets

1) propranolol –> decrease autonomic ssx
2) PTU or methimazole
3) steroid: prevent T4 convert to more active T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

active thyroid nodules –> trt w surgery or radioactive iodine ablation?

A

radioactive iodine ablation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

TSH elevated –> but no hypothyroid ssx –> dx

A

subclinical hypothyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

subclinical hypothyroid –> when treat?

A
  • TSH >10

- get ssx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
myxedema coma --> tx
- warm IVF, warm blanket - T4/T3 - IV hydrocortisone
26
Graves dz --> tx
PTU or methimazole
27
Graves dz --> patient has already developed exophthalmos and pretibial myxedema --> tx
surgery + steroids
28
exogenous intake of T4 --> thyroglobulin is low or high? why?
thyroglobulin low Thyroglobulin is only elevated with T4 if T4 came from thyroid
29
atropine --> SE: mydriasis --> fixed with no response to accomodation or there is response to accomodation?
muscarinic antagonist --> fixed with no response to accomodation
30
phenylephrine --> SE: mydriasis --> fixed with no response to accomodation or there is response to accomodation?
adrenergic agent --> there is response to accomodation
31
renal artery stenosis --> hypokalemia or hyperkalemia? MOA?
activate renin-angiotension-aldosterone system --> hypoK, hyperNa
32
myxedema coma --> trt w T4 & hydrocortisone --> why steroid?
myxedema coma --> typically decreased adrenal reserves --> empiric replace adrenal
33
suspect cushing synd --> first step to dx?
- 24hr free cortisol - low dose dexamethasone - late night serum/salivary cortisol
34
prolactinoma --> presentation in F
- headache - oligomenorrhea - infertility - galactorrhea
35
what 2 lab results indicate SIADH?
- urine osm: up | - urine Na: up
36
what malignancies can cause SIADH?
- small cell lung CA | - brain CA
37
SIADH --> tx
water restrict
38
diabetes insipidus --> labs: - urine osm
urine osm: low
39
polydypsia, polyuria --> normal glucose, no glucose in urine next step in dx?
water deprivation test
40
central DI --> tx
DDAVP
41
nephrogenic DI --> tx
gentle diuresis --> HCTZ
42
hypoNa --> hypotonic --> euvolemic ddx?
RATS: - renal tubular acidosis - Addison's dz - thyroid dz - SIADH
43
SIADH --> water restrict & trted underlying dz --> still SIADH --> tx? MOA?
demeclocycline --> induce nephrogenic DI
44
low dose dexamethasone suppression test --> fails to suppress dx?
cushing's synd
45
low dose dexamethasone suppression test --> fails to suppress --> next step in dx?
check ACTH level
46
low dose dexamethasone suppression test positive --> ACTH level normal dx?
adrenal tumor --> primary hypercortisol
47
low dose dexamethasone suppression test positive --> ACTH level high next step in dx?
high dose dexamethasone suppression test
48
low dose dexamethasone suppression test positive --> ACTH level high --> high dose dexamethasone suppression test --> suppresses dx?
pituitary tumor --> high ACTH --> high cortisol --> cushing's dz
49
low dose dexamethasone suppression test positive --> ACTH level high --> high dose dexamethasone suppression test --> fail to suppress dx? next step?
ectopic tumor --> pan-scan
50
what is Addison's dz?
autoimmune or TB --> adrenal dysfx --> primary cortisol/aldosterone def
51
Addison's dz --> presentation in acute dz
low cortisol & aldos: - hypotensive - N/V - coma
52
Addison's dz --> presentation in chronic dz
- orthostatic hypotension | - hyperpigment (more ACTH production)
53
Addison's dz --> what electrolyte abnormality?
low aldos: - hypoNa - hyperK
54
suspect Addison's dz --> first step in dx?
check AM cortisol
55
AM cortisol is low dx?
cortisol def
56
AM cortisol is low --> next step in dx?
cosyntropin stimulation test --> administer ACTH
57
AM cortisol is low --> cosyntropin stimulation test --> cortisol increase dx?
ant hypopituitarism --> low ACTH --> low cortisol
58
AM cortisol is low --> cosyntropin stimulation test --> cortisol no change dx? next step?
adrenal problem --> CT/MRI
59
AM cortisol is low --> cosyntropin stimulation test --> cortisol increase tx?
give cortisol
60
AM cortisol is low --> cosyntropin stimulation test --> cortisol no change tx?
give cortisol + fludrocortisone
61
what is conn's synd?
adrenal tumor --> hyperAldos
62
hyperAldos --> etiology (2)
- Conn's synd | - renovascular HTN (fibromuscular dysplasia, renal artery stenosis)
63
hyperAldos --> presentation
- HTN --> refractory --> need 3+ meds | - hypoK
64
suspect hyperAldos --> first step in dx?
aldo:renin ratio
65
hyperAldos --> check aldo: renin ratio --> what ratio indicates renovascular etiology?
results: aldo high, renin high high renin --> high aldo ratio <10
66
hyperAldos --> check aldo: renin ratio --> what ratio indicates Conn's synd etiology?
results: aldo high, renin low ratio >30
67
hyperAldos --> aldo: renin ratio >30 --> next step in dx?
salt suppression test: administer salt --> aldo should decrease (normal)
68
hyperAldos --> aldo: renin ratio >30 --> salt suppression test --> fail to suppress next step?
- MRI to find adrenal tumor | - adrenal vein sampling
69
Graves --> type of hypersensitivity rxn?
type II HSN
70
thyroid cancer --> MC type
papillary thyroid cancer

COMLEX 3 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions