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COMLEX 3 > Misc > Flashcards

Misc Flashcards

1
Q

what is vicarious liability?

A

attending is responsible for resident’s negligence

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2
Q

what is breach of duty?

A

negligence that results in direct harm to patient

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3
Q

what is negligence

A

physician’s direct action or lack of action directly cause harm to patient

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4
Q

cyanide poisoning –> tx

A
  • thiosulfate

- amyl nitrite

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5
Q

Trendelenburg gait –> caused by weakness of what muscle grp?

A

hip abductors

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6
Q

what is phase 0 of clinical trial?

A

small dose of drug to 10-15ppl to understand how it is processed in body

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7
Q

what is phase 1 of clinical trial?

A

goal: is drug safe?

slowly increase dose in <30ppl until SE become severe

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8
Q

what is phase 2 of clinical trial?

A

does the drug work?

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9
Q

what is phase 3 of clinical trial?

A

compare drug to current standard of care –> does it work better than what is currently used?

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10
Q

what is phase 4 of clinical trial?

A

already approved of FDA –> used by widespread population –> rare SE? alternative uses?

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11
Q

posterior interosseous N syndrome –> deficit

A

weakness of wrist and digit extensors

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12
Q

research study: what is stratified randomized trial?

A

1) patients divided into groups based on specific characteristics
2) then randomly assigned into treatment groups

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13
Q

research study: what controls for confounding factors?

A

randomization

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14
Q

research study: differentiate parallel group trial vs crossover trial

A

Parallel:
Group 1 –> treatment A
Group 2 –> treatment B

Crossover:
One group –> treatment A –> then treatment B

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15
Q

diagnostic tests: disease is located where on box chart?

A

top

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16
Q

diagnostic tests: sens/spec is located where on box chart?

A

bottom

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17
Q

diagnostic tests: PPV/NPV is located where on box chart?

A

right

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18
Q

how to calculate sensitivity?

A

TP/(TP + FN)

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19
Q

how to calculate specificity?

A

TN/(TN + FP)

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20
Q

how to calculate PPV?

A

TP/(TP+FP)

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21
Q

how to calculate NPV?

A

TN/(TN+FN)

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22
Q
  • animal reproductive study: adverse effect on fetus
  • no studies on humans
  • drug benefits may still warrant use

what FDA category?

A

category C

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23
Q
  • animal reproductive study: fetal abnormality
  • evidence of human fetal risk
  • too much risk in use

what FDA category?

A

category X

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24
Q
  • animal reproductive study: no fetal abnormality
  • no human study

what FDA category?

A

category B

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25
- human study: no fetal risk what FDA category?
category A
26
exposed vs non-exposed --> get disease? what kind of study?
cohort study
27
disease vs no disease --> exposed? what kind of study?
case-control study
28
cohort study --> how compare groups?
relative risk
29
case-control study --> how compare groups?
odds ratio
30
isopropyl alcohol ingestion --> tx
supportive
31
antifreeze --> what kind of alcohol?
ethylene glycol
32
ethylene glycol --> dx
antifreeze contains fluorescent dyes --> wood's lamp --> urine glows
33
ethylene glycol ingestion --> complication
renal failure
34
ethylene glycol ingestion --> tx
- ethanol | - fomepizole
35
methanol ingestion --> complication
blindness
36
obtundation, fever, anion gap acidosis dx?
salicylate poisoning
37
salicylate poisoning --> tx
- alkalinize urine | - diuresis
38
cherry red skin, cherry red blood dx?
cyanide poisoning
39
organophosphate poisoning --> tx
atropine --> pralidoxime
40
what is positive likelihood ratio
probability of disease testing positive divided by probability of no disease testing positive = TP/FP = sens/(1-spec)
41
cancer screening --> what type of prevention?
secondary prevention
42
vaccination --> what type of prevention?
primary prevention
43
BB after MI --> what type of prevention?
tertiary prevention
44
what is type I HSN
Ag --> bind IgE --> mast cell release histamine
45
what is type II HSN
Ab --> bind Ag --> complement
46
what is type III HSN
Ab-Ag complex --> inflammatory response
47
what vit/mineral def can cause glucose intolerance?
chromium def
48
15mo M --> muscle weak, ataxia, hypopigmentation, edema, kinky fragile hair, hepatosplenomegaly dx?
Menkes dz --> copper def
49
microcytic anemia --> give iron supplementation --> anemia worsens dx?
microcytic anemia from copper def, not iron def
50
- skeletal muscle dysfx - cardiomyopathy - white nail beds dx?
selenium def
51
who gets pneumococcal 13-valent vaccine?
- >65yo | - certain health conditions --> >19yo
52
who gets pneumococcal 23-valent vaccine?
- >65yo --> 1 yr after 13-valent - smokers --> 19-64yo - certain health conditions --> 19-64yo
53
shingles vaccine --> what age?
>60yo
54
flu vaccine --> what age?
>6mo
55
DTaP --> who? how many?
kids --> 5 doses
56
Tdap --> who? how many?
adult --> 1 dose
57
when HBV vaccine?
- birth - 1 mo - 6mo
58
12mo --> what vaccines?
MMR-VA
59
Russell sign --> what condition?
bulimia
60
Waddell sign --> what condition?
malingering
61
Kernig sign --> what condition?
meningitis
62
Brudzinski sign --> what condition?
meningitis
63
cost effectiveness research ---> goal
determine monetary cost required to gain a specific health benefit

COMLEX 3 (17 decks)

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