Endo week 8 Flashcards
what is the name of the drug that closes the K-ATP channels?
(hint: This drug is used to treat type 2 diabetes.)
(hint: this drug is an insulin secretagogue)
what is the name of the drug that closes the K-ATP channels?
Answer: Sulfonylureas
(hint: This drug is used to treat type 2 diabetes.)
(hint: this drug is an insulin secretagogue)
glucose is transported through which channel into the beta cells of the pancreas?
glucose is transported through which channel into the beta cells of the pancreas?
Answer: GLUT2
how do people measure the functionality of the beta cells in the pancreas?
how do people measure the functionality of the beta cells in the pancreas?
Answer: by measuring the C-peptide.
Insulin is secreted as an A chain and B chain linked by 2 disulfide linkages with a detach C-peptide. Insulin has a half-life of 6 minutes but the C-peptide is not cleared out by the liver, hence remaining in blood for longer.
Factors regulating insulin secretion [increase secretion] ?
hint: gl, ffa, aa, gi, gh, cor, gc, be.sti, suld
Factors regulating insulin secretion [increase secretion] ?
Answer:
- increased blood glucose
- increased blood FFA [free fatty acid]
- increased blood amino acid [arginine]
- GI hormones
- GH
- Cortisol
- Glucagon [after raising glucose levels to hyperglycemia]
- beta adrenergic stimulation [beta cells in pancreas]
- Sulfonylurea drugs [close K+/ATP channels]
Factors regulating insulin secretion [decrease secretion] ?
Factors regulating insulin secretion [decrease secretion] ?
Answer: - decrease blood glucose - fasting - somatostatin - alpha adrenergic activity - leptin (inhibits hungry feeling) K+ depletion (in primary hyperaldosteronism)
why is the insulin secretory response greater after oral than after intravenous glucose administration?
why is the insulin secretory response greater after oral than after intravenous glucose administration?
Answer: because glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide [GIP] is released when intestines absorb glucose. the GIP acts on beta cells to increase release of insulin
the first phase of insulin secretion happens when and releases what kind of insulin?
the second phase of insulin secretion happens when and releases what kind of insulin?
the first phase of insulin secretion happens when and releases what kind of insulin?
Answer: 10-15mins and preformed insulin
the second phase of insulin secretion happens when and releases what kind of insulin?
Answer: 2 hrs and newly synthesized insulin
what effects the number and affinity of insulin receptors?
hint: F.O.I.E
what effects the number and affinity of insulin receptors?
Answer:
- Food
- other hormones
- insulin
- exercise
insulin Action:
Immediate effect- [hint; G.aa.k]
Intermediate effect
delayed effect
insulin Action:
- Immediate effect (seconds): increase cell uptake of
- glucose
- amino acids
- K+
- Intermediate effect (min):
- protein synthesis
- inhibit protein degradation
- activate glycogen synthesis
- inhibit phosphorylase
- inhibit gluconeogenic enzymes
- delayed effect (hours):
- increase mRNA for lipogenic
insulin in liver dose?
insulin in liver dose?
Answer;
- increase glycogen synthesis
- increase lipogenesis (convert glucose into fatty acids)
- inhibit gluconeogenesis
- inhibit glycogenolysis
- increase protein synthesis
insulin action in muscle cells?
insulin action in muscle cells?
Answer:
- increase glucose uptake
- glycogen synthesis
- increase amino acid uptake and protein synthesis
- decrease protein catabolism
- increase K+ uptake
insulin action in Adipose tissue?
insulin action in Adipose tissue?
Answer:
- convert glucose into glycerol
- triacylglycerol synthesis
- inhibit lipolysis
- increase lipogenesis
what type of diabetes (1 or 2) has ketoacidosis?
what type of diabetes (1 or 2) has ketoacidosis?
Answer: type 1
C-peptide is absent in which type of diabetes?
C-peptide is absent in which type of diabetes?
Answer: type 1
