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vet med 4 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 most common pituitary disorders seen in SA?

A
  • Hypersomatotropism
  • Hyposomatotropism
  • Cushing’s
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Altered libido/ dysmenhorrhea
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2
Q

If an animal is drinking too much there are 2 options- which are they?

A
  • 1ry PU
  • 1ry PD
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3
Q

If the animal wants to drink - is it primary PU or primary PD?

A

primary PD

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4
Q

If an animal has to drink, is it primary PU or primary PD?

A

primary PU

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5
Q

In Primary PU- which system is involved?

A

Renal dysfunction- the kidneys can neither concentrate nor dilute their urine properly

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6
Q

In primary PD, which system is involved?

A

CNS
‘psychogenic’

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7
Q

In primary PD, what can be seen with the USG?

A

It can vary greatly!! 1.001 –>1.050

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8
Q

In primary PU, increased water intake is normal or abnormal?

A

abnormal

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9
Q

In primary PU, water consumption is necessary or unnecessary?

A

necessary- activated by osmo and baroreceptors

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10
Q

How can you tell if an animal has primary PU or primary PD?

A

You put it into hospital hospital and see if it still drinks.

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11
Q

If animal with PU/PD is in hospital and does not drink, does it have primary PU or primary PD?

A

Primary PD- doesn’t NEED to drink

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12
Q

What will the USG be for an animals with primary PU?

A

Poorly modifiable and potentially inadequate

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13
Q

Cushings disease- can the animal have PU/PD?

A

Yes
Primary PD

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14
Q

Hyperthyroidism in cat- can the animal have PU/PD?

A

Yes
Primary PD

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15
Q

What disease could this be? What hormone is responsible?

A

acromegaly- hypersomatotropism

increase in GH —> increase in IGF-1

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16
Q

These cats look normal, but all of them have uncontrollable diabetes and …?

A

hypersomatotropism

17
Q

Which hormone do we measure when we are testing for acromegaly?

A

IGF-1
(it is a better biomarker than pulsatile GH)

18
Q

What causes hypersomatotropism in the dog?

A
  • exogenous progestins
  • ovarian tumour secreting progesterone
19
Q

How common is hypersomatotropism in cat?

A

1/ 4 diabetic cats in the UK

20
Q

What are the clinical features of dogs with hypersomatotropism?

A
  • Increased interdental spaces
  • deep set facial features
  • insulin resistance
  • (hyperglycemia)
21
Q

What are the clinical features of a cat with acromegaly/ hypersomatotropism?

A
  • Can look normal
  • uncontrollable DM
  • increased body size
  • prognathism (advanced lower jaw)
  • organomegaly (kidney/ liver)
22
Q

How do we diagnose hypersomatotropism in cats?

A
  • Serum IGF
    (make sure to do only after one month of insulin treatment for DM- as IGF needs insulin in order to be produced!)
  • MRI of the head showing pituitary tumour
23
Q

In diabetes insipidus, will the urine be dilute or hyperconcentrated?

A

Profoundly dilute.

No ADH to push AQII to the lumenal membrane which means no water can escape the collecting tubules!!

24
Q

Why does hypersomatotropism lead to PU/PD?

A

IGF1–> insulin resistance –> hyperglycemia–> glucosuria —> PU/PD

25
Q

What are the two types of diabetes insipidus?

A
  • central
  • nephrogenic
26
Q

What is central diabetes insipidus?

A

Lack of ADH production from the pituitary

27
Q

What is nephrogenic / renal diabetes insipidus?

A

Collecting tubules do not respond to ADH

28
Q

Diabetes insipidus leads to extreme polydipsia - is this true ?

A

YES
200ml/kg/ day !!

29
Q

Is a dog has PU/PD and is isolated for 14h in hospital and keeps on drinking alot- is it primary PU? Primary PD?

A

Could be both- we need to do more

30
Q

If a dog with PU/PD has a USG of <1.008 (glomerular filtrate USG is 1.008) what does it mean?

A

It has enough nephrons to dilute its urine!! (if a dog can dilute its urine it is ALSO capable of concentrating it)

Its not kidney disease :))

31
Q

If a dog with PU/PD has a USG of 1.008 (glomerular filtrate USG is 1.008) what does it mean?

A

Could have renal disease-

poor prognosis

32
Q

If dog with suspected Diabetes insipidus has a dilute urine (less than the 1.008 of the glomerular filtrate)- how are we going to test whether it can concentrate its urine?

A

Water deprivation test-

then check to see if dehydration has led to an increase in USG.

If it can’t concentrate its urine it has diabetes insipidus

33
Q

If a dog has diabetes insipidus it has an inability to …… its urine

A

concentrate

34
Q

If a dog has demonstrates

A

vet med 4 (11 decks)

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