POS cancer

Question 1

Dog presents with generalised lymphadenomegaly and extra nodular signs such as these- what cancer is it?

Answer 1

Lymphoma

Question 2

In lymphoma which cell is most common B cell or T cell lymphoma?

Answer 2

B cell

Question 3

If a dog has lymphoma of T cell origin will it be more likely to show systemic signs?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Why type of canine lymphoma is most common?

Answer 4

multicentric lymphoma

Question 5

In a high grade lymphoma, are cells small or large?

Answer 5

Large

Question 6

Do high grade lymphomas respond well to chemo?

Answer 6

Yes, initially they do.
As they have a high mitotic rate.

Question 7

A dog presents with signs of regurgitation and Horners syndrome what type of cancer could cause this?

Answer 7

Mediastinal lymphoma

Question 8

What paraneoplastic disease is commonly seen with lymphoma? What clinical sign does it cause?

Answer 8

• hypercalcemia (increase parathyroid hormone)
• PU/PD

Question 9

What cancer could this be?

Answer 9

cutaneous lymphoma

Question 10

Can cutaneous lymphoma cause pruritus?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

If hypercalcemia of malignancy occurs with lymphoma- is it more likely to be T cell or B cell?

Answer 11

T cell

Question 12

What is an important prognostic factor when staging lymphoma?

Answer 12

Subtype a or b (presence of systemic signs)

Question 13

Generalised lymphadenomegaly would be which stage of lymphoma?

Answer 13

Stage 3

Question 14

If there are ocular and peri anal signs related to lymphoma, which stage of lymphoma is this?

Answer 14

Stage 5

Question 15

What is PARR useful for?

Answer 15

Differentiating between reactive inflammatory cells (polyclonal) and neoplasia (monoclonal)

Question 16

What is the palliative treatment used for lymphoma?

Answer 16

prednisolone

Question 17

Side effects of vincristine

Answer 17

peripheral neuropathy
ileus

Question 18

Name some alkylating agents

Answer 18

Chlorambucil
Melphalam
Cyclophosphamide
Lomustine

Question 19

Name some anti-metabolites

Answer 19

Azathioprine
5-Fluoracil
Gemcitabine

Question 20

Name some side effects cause by chemotherapy

Answer 20

• extravasation (Vincristine, Doxorubicine)
• myelosuppression
  -cardiotoxicity (Doxorubicin)
• sterile hemmorhagic cystitis (cyclophosphomide)
  -hair loss and whisker loss
• GIT
• can increase organ dysfunction

Question 21

Anti-metabolite function

Answer 21

• mimic normal DNA/RNA synthesis
• ## cause impaired enzyme function

Question 22

Platinum agents (ie carboplatin) are they cell cycle specific or unspecific?

Answer 22

unspecific

Question 23

Alkylating agents are they cycle specific or unspecific?

Answer 23

unspecific

Question 24

Prednisolone can be used in cancer for its …effect

Answer 24

apoptotic effect (lymphoma, mast cell, leukemia)

Question 25

Is melanoma resistant to chemo?

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

Is lymphoma resistant to chemo?

Answer 26

No very sensitive!

Question 27

Name some antibiotics used as cancer treatment

Answer 27

Doxorubicin Epirubicin

Question 28

What are NSAIDs MoA that help in cancer treatment

Answer 28

- anti-angiogenic - anti-inflammatory - analgesia - promote apoptosis

Question 29

Do not give Cisplatin and 5-Fluoracin to which spp?

Answer 29

Cats

Question 30

Chlorambucil is slow acting and has low side effects. It achieves myelosuppression at how many months?

Answer 30

1 month

Question 31

Cyclophophamide should not be used in which species?

Answer 31

Dogs

Question 32

what type of drug is azathioprine?

Answer 32

Anti-metabolite

Question 33

What type of drug is chlorambucil?

Answer 33

Alkylating agent

Question 34

What do alkylating agents do?

Answer 34

- they alkylate DNA (breaking DNA) - kill rapidly dividing cell - inhibit protein synthesis NON- CELL CYCLE SPECIFIC

Question 35

Vinca alkaloids inhibit...

Answer 35

- tubulin polymerisation

Question 36

Why immunosuppressive drug is used in dogs with immunothrombocytopenia?

Answer 36

Vinca alkaloids

Question 37

Human IVG is sometimes used for what immune mediated diseases

Answer 37

- ITP - Acute IMHA when an immediate effect is required!

Question 38

When treating immune mediated diseases always be aware of the possibility of occult...

Answer 38

vector borne diseases (ie. Rickettsia)

Question 39

When do you assess response to treatment for immune-mediated disease?

Answer 39

7 days