PVMPH

Question 1

What is food security?

Answer 1

Food access
Food use
Food availability

A global goal : we want safe food for all

Question 2

Food systems*

Answer 2

includes activities (food chain) and outcomes (social, environmental , welfare)

Question 3

food chain*

Answer 3

from farm to fork

• producing
• processing
• packaging

Question 4

4 characteristic of the food chain

Answer 4

• evolving
• fragmented
• multinational
• complex

Question 5

The general food law*

Answer 5

a framework to ensure a coherent approach to legislation

Question 6

What are the 3 main objectives of The General Food Law

Answer 6

• facilitate global trade
• protect human life and health
• allow trade of feed and food

Question 7

What are the 2 key principles of The General food Law

Answer 7

• transparency (build consumer trust)
• Risk analysis principle as the basis for food safety decisions

Question 8

Zero risk approach is impossible why?

Answer 8

we cannot test every serving!

Question 9

If zero risk approach is not possible what is the better approach?

Answer 9

risk assessement needed to inform risk management

Question 10

What is role of risk assessment in the food chain?

Answer 10

Identify the points in the food chain with increased risk of contamination

Question 11

Risk assessment informs…

Answer 11

risk management

Question 12

Risk management in the food chain is shared between

Answer 12

FBO
FSA
consumer

Question 13

What is HACCP

Answer 13

Hazard analysis and critical control points

1) identify the hazard (chemical, biological, physical)
2) identify Critical Control point ie point in process with highest risk
3) set a critical limit

Question 14

Critical Control point*

Answer 14

Point in process with highest risk

Question 15

What are main strategies for FBO to ensure food safety?

Answer 15

• The HACCP
• Good Manufacturing Practices

The HACCP controls specific high hazards whereas Good Manufacturing practices are just standard procedures for hygiene.

Question 16

List some hazards in milking industry

Answer 16

biological:
- fecal contamination of teats, udders, tail..
- pathogens inside the udder

Chemical:
- veterinary medicine residues

Physical: dust, bedding material

Question 17

Can microbiological testing alone ensure food safety??

Answer 17

NOOOO

Question 18

Tracing forward*

Answer 18

recall products

Question 19

Tracing backwards*

Answer 19

identifying the source of a problem

Question 20

How do we minimise risks in milking industry?

Answer 20

• cow health
• cow cleanliness (examine milk from each animal and reject those with abnormalities..)
• clean milking area
• equipment maintenance (i.e. bulk milk tanks should be cleaned an disinfected,..)
• staff

Question 21

process hygiene criteria*

Answer 21

acceptable functioning of a process, defined by amount of micro-organisms (threshold)

Question 22

food safety criteria*

Answer 22

acceptability of a product to be put on market

Question 23

The full extent of foodborne disease is

Answer 23

• unknown
• identifying causes of foodborne illness is still a challenge in the developed world
• under-reporting

Question 24

How is molecular typing helping with foodborne outbreak investigations?

Answer 24

Can help identify the primary source of contamination by linking illness to the food source

Question 25

Foodborne illness is a major public health concern- is this true?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

What is the reporting pathway for foodborne outbreak investigation ?

Answer 26

Question 27

What are the objectives in controlling an outbreak?

Answer 27

- limit the 1ry number of cases - limits the 2ndary number of cases - prevent further episodes by identifying continuing hazards

Question 28

Aim for heifers to calve at

Answer 28

24 months

Question 29

Aim for heifer service at

Answer 29

15 months

Question 30

Aim for heifer height at withers

Answer 30

132cm (in conjunction with weight)

Question 31

the earliest service date for cows should be

Answer 31

42 days

Question 32

define calving index

Answer 32

the average of all calving intervals from a herd

Question 33

Which pig disease is found in 100% of farms?

Answer 33

ileitis

Question 34

For which pig disease would you consider total depopulation?

Answer 34

swine dysentery

Question 35

Enzootic pneumonia causative agent

Answer 35

Mycoplasma Hyopneumonia

Question 36

Enzootic pneumonia is associated with what poor husbandry/ management

Answer 36

poor ventilation --> ammonium build up---> consolidation of the lung lobes---> heave lines

Question 37

Why is enzootic pneumonia of economic importance?

Answer 37

- 30-80% of pigs have lesions at slaughter - disease --> delayed growth rates

Question 38

Which pig production system leads to the biggest build up of pathogens: - all in all out - batch - continuous flow

Answer 38

continuous flow never gets a deep clean - needs to be sandwich clean

Question 39

What is the impact of mycoplasma hyopneumonia on a pig farm?

Answer 39

- variance in sizes - coughing - Increase FCR - 2ndary infections- could lead to increased mortality

Question 40

Is Salmonella a problem for pig health?

Answer 40

Not really, mostly a human health problem. But if there is salmonella indicates a higher disease burden (so more predisposed to other disease)

Question 41

Is Salmonella equally as present on outdoor and indoor rearing systems?

Answer 41

yes

Question 42

What husbandry/ management can impact on salmonella transmission?

Answer 42

- flooring type - feed system (higher prevalence in liquid feeding) - water system (salmonella can last a 100 days in water!)

Question 43

What does PCV2 cause to pigs

Answer 43

Post weaning multisystemic syndrome (small, wasting away, hairy)

Question 44

How do we prevent post weaning multisystemic syndrome?

Answer 44

we vaccinate (circovac)

Question 45

What is the clinical impact of PRRS?

Answer 45

- abortion storms - mummified piglets - weak piglets - blue ears - respiratory problems - immunosupressive

Question 46

Can we vaccinate for erysipelas in pigs?

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

What clinicals signs can be seen in pigs with erysipelas?

Answer 47

- diamond shaped lesions - difficulty rising (joint arthritis)--> lameness - infertility - pyrexia - growths on heart valves

Question 48

Strep Suis type 2 in pigs causes

Answer 48

meningitis

Question 49

What is the most common tick borne infectious disease in humans?

Answer 49

Lyme disease (Borellia Burgdorferi)

Question 50

Spillover hosts are often which group of species? These are also known as amplifiers

Answer 50

livestock allow transmission between humans and wildlife

Question 51

what is the consequence of a spillover?

Answer 51

Question 52

In order for a spillover to occur all the elements need to coincide (swiss cheese analogy)

Answer 52

spillover is not a given!

Question 53

2/3rds of human diseases are

Answer 53

zoonotic

Question 54

Nipah virus is transmitted via

Answer 54

bats---> humans bats---> pigs (amplifier)---->humans

Question 55

Controlling zoonotic disease requires targetting which host?

Answer 55

the maintenance host

Question 56

Do hens or broilers have a higher p% of broken bones?

Answer 56

hens > broilers they are older degree of bone damage will depend on the production system (barns> cages)

Question 57

what has caused this?

Answer 57

horn puncture

Question 58

How can you tell whether damage to a carcass occurred during mechanical feather plucking or ante mortem?

Answer 58

look for bruising/ hemmorhage

Question 59

What could have caused this?

Answer 59

- convulsions in water bath - live shackling

Question 60

Dislocations could indicate poor ...technique

Answer 60

restraint

Question 61

Is this an economic or a welfare issue?

Answer 61

both

Question 62

preslaughter welfare- what are good indicators?

Answer 62

- DOA (death on arrival) - torn skin - bruising - metabolic exhaustion - lameness (see how animals move!)