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Anatomy and phys. cardiovascular > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

Lack of thyroxine in children may result in

A

Crentinism

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2
Q

The target site for thyroid stimulating hormone is/are

A

Follicular cells of the thyroid

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3
Q

Increased calcitonin reduces the blood concentration of

A

Ca++

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4
Q

Kidney stones are commonly seen in hyperparathyroidism

A

True

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5
Q

A childhood disorder where the epiphyseal plate is over stimulated results from excessive production of

A

GH

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6
Q

Hormones

A

Are chemical messengers
May be steroids
May be proteins or amino acid derivatives
Have target tissues

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7
Q

When levels of thyroxine and T3 are optimal this will cause?

A

Decreased production of TRH and TSH

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8
Q

The hormones concerned with calcium metabolism are

A

PTH and CT
Parathyroid hormone and calcuo

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9
Q

Hypersecretion of GH in adults produces

A

Acromegaly

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10
Q

An increase in the rate of protein synthesis especially by the cells in the skeletal and muscular systems is an important effect of

A

GH

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11
Q

Along the thyroid hormones T3, is the more potent hormone

A

True

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12
Q

Which of the following causes release of ACTH

A

CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone)

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13
Q

Which hormone would increase blood pressure?

A

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

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14
Q

Naturally occurring hormones in the body act by

A

Binding to receptors on the cell surface or inside of the cell

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15
Q

A woman in prolonged labor is diagnosed as having weak uterine contractions. The most probable cause could be

A

Insufficient production of oxytocin

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16
Q

As a rule , hormone contractions are usually controlled by

A

Negative feedback systems

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17
Q

Which hormones are gonadotropins?

A

FSH and LH

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18
Q

Which hormone has a destructive effect on the skeletal system?

A

Parathormone (bone remodeling)

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19
Q

Diabetes insipidus occurs as a result of

A

Hyposecretion of ADH

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20
Q

When a person loses a great deal of blood due to hemorrhage, the blood pressure drops. In attempt to raise blood pressure which of the following hormones will be secreted?

A

ADH and epinephrine

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21
Q

What pair of hormones has antagonistic actions?

A

Aldosterone -ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)

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22
Q

Which hormones are considered to be long and short term stress hormones?

A

Cortisol, epinephrine

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23
Q

When would insulin be secrete

A

After a largeeal

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24
Q

Glucose levels in the blood are very low for a long time. Under these conditions which hormones would stimulate the production of new glucose for other noncarbohydrate molecules

A

Cortisol, glucagon

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25
What hormone increases the uptake of glucose by skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
Insulin
26
What causes Addison's disease?
Hyposecretion of Aldosterone and cortisol
27
What causes Cushing's syndrome
Hypersecretion of cortisol
28
Tumur of the suprarenal medulla can cause
Hypertension
29
What can cause graves disease
Hypersecretion of thyroxine
30
The stimulus for the release of glucagon is
Low blood pressure
31
Type 1 diabetes
Patients are usually thin, often seen in younger age groups, treated with insulin injections
32
Blood sugar drops a couple hours after eating. What hormone would cause an increase in blood glucose because of this stimulation?
Glucagon
33
As a general response to stress, the blood concentrations of
Epinephrine and cortisol rise
34
What would not be a generic action of hormones?
Promote phagocytosis (cell eating)
35
Hyposecretion of insulin may result in
Diabetes mellitus
36
Pepsinogen a digestive enzyme is secreted by the
Chief cells of the stomach
37
The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas respectively unite to open into the
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
38
The pilcae circularis and the intestinal villi are seen in which layer of the gastrointestinal tract wall?
Mucosa
39
Tiffany suffers from a condition which causes increased secretion of hydrochloric acid in her gastrointestinal tract due to the increase of a particular cell population. Which of the following cell population is the one increased in her case?
Parietal cells
40
All of the following are true of the large intestine
It does not have villi It has numerous goblet cells It has longitudinal bands called taenia It has sacculations
41
Which vitamin requires intrinsic factors in order to be absorbed
Vitamin B12
42
An incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the
Serosa
43
Marty has swelling in the front of her ear which is extremely painful and especially so when she eats. She is told that it is a glandular inflammation. Which of the gonads mentioned below do you think is affected?
Parotid salivary gland
44
The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following best accomplish the task?
Pilcae circularis and villi
45
Mary was suffering from typhoid fever and was told it had affected the peyers patches in her body and caused ulcerations in these patches. Which part of her gastrointestinal tract was affected?
Ileum (third part of the small intestine)
46
Pilcae circularis are macroscopic folds that are seen in the
Small intestine
47
Gastric reflux of acid, into the esophagus is prevented by
A physiological sphincter that is present at the lower end of the esophagus
48
The vermiform appendix is part of the large intestine
True
49
What is the main function of the large intestine?
Absorbs much of the water remaining in the undigested chyme
50
Histological picture of the liver includes
Hexagonal lobules, lobules have plates of cells around a central vein, the portal triad is seen in the CT around the corners, and consists of branches of the hepatic artery, bile duct and portal vein
51
The opening of the salivary glands is in the
Oral cavity
52
The opening of the vile and pancreatic ducts is seen in the
Second part of the duodenum
53
You would expect to find darkly staining acini as well as lighting staining acini in the submandibular salivary gland
True
54
You would expect to find the Meissner's and myenteric nerve plexus in the
Submucosa and muscularis externa
55
The bile duct is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct
True
56
Cells responsible for secreting intrinsic factor are
Parietal cells of the stomach
57
Sacculations in the large intestine are due to
Bands of longitudinal muscle called taenia
58
The submucosa contains all of the following
Lymphatics Glands Blood vessel DOES NOT INCLUDE MYENTERIC NERVE PLEXUS
59
Abdominal organs are completely or partially covered by the visceral layer of peritoneum and are surrounded by the peritoneal cavity
True
60
Which cell secretes gastrin?
Enteroendocrine cells
61
Which of the below organs is the primary site of nutrient absorption
Small intestine
62
Digestion of which of the following would be affected if the liver was severely damaged
Lipids (fats)
63
Brush bordee enzymes are produced by
Epithelial cells lining the villi of the small intestine
64
When fatty chyme comes in contact with mucosa of the duodenum, it stimulates the release of ____ which acts on the ___
CCK, gallbladder
65
Pepsinogen is produced in the ______ and initiates the chemical breakdown of _____
Stomach, proteins
66
Which of the following Is a precursor to the gastric enzyme responsible for protein digestion
Pepsinogen
67
Although food does not pass through this structure enzymes are secreted here that are capable of digesting carbohydrates, fats and proteins
Pancreas
68
Carbohydrate digestion initiated in the oral cavity continues in the esophagus because
The PH in the esophagus is similar to the PH in the oral cavity
69
Samantha was diagnosed as having gastric ulcers and her stomach contents were sent for analysis. The results showed that that she did have helicobacter pylori infection. Amog the choices below, which would be a likely possibility as being that cause of the ulcer?
Increased histamine secretions
70
When chyme is squirted into duodenum what is the normal amount that is squirted at each wave?
3ml
71
The churning movements of the stomach are controlled by pace maker cells found in the
Walls of the stomach
72
Which of the following apply to the small intestine?
Most of the nutrient absorption from the digestive tract occurs here
73
The stimulus for production of intestinal juice is the presence of acidic chyme in the small intestine
True
74
The main chemical activity of the stomach is to begin
Digestion of proteins
75
The microscopic structures in the small intestine that increase its surface area and this aid in the absorption of food are called
Villi
76
Control of digestive activity is mainly through the sympathetic nervous system
False
77
Chemical digestion involves
Enzymatic action on complex substances to break them into simpler substances
78
How is salvation controlled
By the parasympathetic nervous system
79
Which of the following are passively absorbed
Water, fat
80
Which one of the following would most likely neutralize acid in the intestine
Secretion of bicarbonate ions by the pancreas
81
Chemical digestion of carbohydrates is initiated in the _____ with _____ enzymes
Mouth, amylase
82
Brush border enzymes help digest
Carbohydrate and proteins
83
Which of the following substances would not be able to act directly on food to cause chemical digestion
Secretin
84
The enzymes most responsible for acting on fat is primarily produced by the
Pancreas
85
Mucous secreted by the stomach serves to
Protect the stomach from.HCl
86
The enzymes of the Krebs cycle and election transport chain are located in the
Mitochondria
87
Chemical digestion of lipids results in which products
Monoglycerides and fatty acids
88
The absorbable products of protein are
Amino acids
89
When amino acids are utilized to synthesize glucose the process is called
Gluconeogenesis
90
The function of chylomicrons is to
Transport lipids in the dirt to adipose tissue for storage
91
Which of the following substances increase in amount during cellular respiration
ATP
92
In the complete aerobic breakdown of a glucose molecule one of the end products removed by the body is
Carbon dioxide
93
All of the following have a protein component besides
Glycerol

Anatomy and phys. cardiovascular (27 decks)

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