Important terms Flashcards
1
Q
Fibrous pericardium
A
2
Q
Serous parietal pericardium
A
3
Q
Serous visceral pericardium
A
4
Q
Pericardial cavity
A
5
Q
Myocardium
A
6
Q
endocardium
A
7
Q
Atria (right and left)
A
8
Q
Ventricles (right and left)
A
9
Q
Ticuspid valve
A
10
Q
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
A
11
Q
Pulmonary valve
A
12
Q
Chordae tendineae
A
13
Q
Papillary muscles
A
14
Q
Superior vena cava
A
15
Q
Inferior vena cava
A
16
Q
Pulmonary trunk
A
17
Q
Pulmonary veins
A
18
Q
Aorta
A
19
Q
Auscultation
A
20
Q
S1
A
21
Q
S2 _
A
22
Q
Tachycardia
A
23
Q
Bradycardia
A
24
Q
pulse point
A
25
Systolic pressure
26
Diastolic pressure
27
Sounds of Korotkoff
28
Sinoatrial node
29
Atrio ventricular node
30
Purkinje fiber system
31
Electrocardiogram
32
P wave
33
QRS complex
34
T wave
35
Dysrhythmia
36
Erythrocyte
RBC
37
Leukocyte
WBC
38
Granulocyte
Have visible cytoplasmic granules
39
Neutrophil
attracted to site of cellular injury
- granulocyte
Acute bacterial infection and pus formation, is usually characterized by
40
Eosinophil
Immune response to parasitic works and allergic reactions
-granulocyte
41
Basophil
Primarily involved in allergic reaction response
Bilobed
-granulocyte
least numerous of leukocytes
Stain dark purple
42
Agranulocyte
lack visible cytoplasmic granules
43
T Lymphocyte
44
B Lymphocyte
45
Monocyte
largest of the leukocytes
exit the blood to form macrophages
46
Platelets
47
Antigen
48
Antiserum
49
Antibody
50
Universal donor
O-
51
Universal recipient _
AB
52
hemolysis
Transfusion reaction that can lead to kidney failure. A recipients antibodies attack "foreign invader"
53
phagocytes
active in ingesting harmful foreign bacteria
54
thromobocytopenia
Number of platelets is decreased
55
polycythemia
Type of blood cancer that causes bone marrow to produce to many RBCS and this causes the blood to thicken and slow
56
leucocytosis
an increase in WBC especially during infection
57
anemia
lack enough healthy RBC to carry oxygen adequately
58
erythroblastosis fetalis
RBC of a fetus are destroyed due to immune response lack of blood compatibility
59
hemophilia
An inherited condition where the blood does not clot due to insufficient clotting factors
60
Pernicious anemia
A condition in which not enough red blood cells are produced due to deficiency of vitamin B12 in the body.
61
ischemic heart disease
Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to your heart is reduced, preventing the heart muscle from receiving enough oxygen. The reduced blood flow is usually the result of a partial or complete blockage of your heart's arteries (coronary arteries).
62
Angina
inadequate oxygenation of cardiac muscle
63
Vascular shunt
Channel that directly connects arteriole with venule (bypasses true capillaries)
64
Precapillary sphincter
Cuff of smooth muscle surrounding each true capillary that braces off metateriole; acts as valve regulating blood flow into capillary bed
Not innervated
65
What are the three types of capillaries? Give a brief description of each
Continuous- abundant in skin, muscles, lungs and CNS
Fenestrated capillary- found in areas of active filtration (kidneys) absorption (intestines)
Contain fenestration
66
Arterioles
Smallest of all arteries
Control blood flow into capillary beds via vasodilation
67
Muscular arteries
Thickets tunic media with more smooth muscle less elastic
Also called distributing arteries
68
Elastic arteries
Thick walled with low resistance lumen
Elastic found in all 3 tunics but mostly tunica media
Act as pressure reservoirs
69
Name the three groups of arteries ?
Elastic arteries
Muscular arteries
Arterioles
70
Vasa vasorum
System of tiny blood vessels found in larger vessels
Function is to nourish outer most layer
71
Structure of blood vessel walls
Tunica intima
•endothelium
• simple squamous epithelium
Tunica media
•smooth muscle and sheets of elastin
•sympathetic vasomotor nerves innervate this layer
Tunica externa
Loose collagen fibers
72
Structure of blood vessel walls
Tunica intima
•endothelium
• simple squamous epithelium
Tunica media
•smooth muscle and sheets of elastin
•sympathetic vasomotor nerves innervate this layer
Tunica externa
Loose collagen fibers
73
Pulse pressure
Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
74
Diastolic pressure
Lowest level of aortic pressure when heart is at rest
75
Systolic pressure
Pressure exerted in aorta during ventricular contraction
76
Mean arterial pressure
MAP
Pressure that propels blood to tissues
77
What are the three main factors regulating blood pressure?
Cardiac output
Peripheral resistance
Blood volume
78
Hypovolemic shock
Results from large scale blood loss
79
Vascular shock
Results from extreme vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance
80
Cardiogenic shock
Results when an inefficient heart cannot sustain adequate circulation
81
Hypertension
Sustained elevated arterial pressure 140/90
82
Hematocrit
Percent of blood volume that is RBC's
