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Anatomy and phys. cardiovascular > Micro Lecture > Flashcards

Micro Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation and swelling of the sinus membranes

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2
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx

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3
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation and swelling of the epiglottitis; can block airway

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4
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation and swelling of the larynx; can cause temporary voice loss

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5
Q

Tracheitis

A

Inflammation and swelling of the trachea

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6
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation and swelling of the brocci and or bronchioles the

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7
Q

Croup

A

Combined inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles caused mainly by viruses. Characterized by barking cough and stridor (wheezing or loud breathing due to blocked airway)

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8
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the alveoli

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9
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

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10
Q

Paroxysm

A

A sudden violent attack

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11
Q

What is the most common type of the common cold?

A

Rhinovirus

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12
Q

What are all mark symptoms of the common cold

A

Runny nose
Sudden onset of sore throat
Coughing
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Low grade fever
Fatigue

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13
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus RSV

A

Leasing causes acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under 5
Top cause of bronchitis in children 1 and under

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14
Q

Adenovirus

A

Sore throat and cold like symptoms can cause conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, cystitis, bronchitis croup and pneumonia very good at being spread (pink eye)

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15
Q

Hanta pulmonary syndrome

A

Transmitted through rodents and inhalation of airborne dust of rodent urine and feces
** Pulmonary edema (accumulation of fluid in the lungs)

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16
Q

SARS-CoV-2

A

*** acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
RNA virus

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17
Q

Influenza

A

Type A- most common and can cause death
Type B- less impactful
Type C - mild influenza

HA- allows for attachment
NA- Allows new viruses to escape
Most strains bind to ciliated cells in upper respiratory tract
(RNA virus)
Fever, aches, cough, tired, sudden onset

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18
Q

Ottis media

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Nontypale hameophilus influenzae typically a bacterial infection in the middle ear. Mucus is unable to drain.

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19
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)

A

Acute pharyngitis
Gram positive clock and grow in chains
Swollen lymph nodes and white spots in the throat Hallmark symptoms
Cough is usually absent
S.pyogenes

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20
Q

Scarlet fever

A

Red and paper like rash
Reddened tongue that resembles a strawberry
S. Pyogenes *****
Rash starts on the face and neck. Mechanism of disease- toxin

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21
Q

The upper respiratory tract does not include

A

Larynx

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22
Q

Which structure in the respiratory system is attached to the alveoli

A

Bronchiole

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23
Q

What is the leading cause of community acquired bacterial pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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24
Q

Which of the following leads to all the rest ?

A

Cytotoxin

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25
What causes the formation of a membrane across the throat?
Corynebacterium diphtheria
26
Which is resistant to destruction by phagocytes?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
27
What is the reservoir for legionella pedophilia
Water
28
_____ is caused by a strain of streptococcus pyogenes that makes an erythrogenic toxin
Scarlet fever
29
____ is an infection that impacts immune compromised patients. Choose all that apply.
Pneumocystis pneumonia and aspergillus
30
Malaise
Sense of feeling unwell or uncomfortable
31
Lymphangitis
Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels
32
Leukocytosis
Increase in white blood cells
33
A 6 year old girl was taken to the physician for evaluation of a slowly growing bump on the back of her head. The bump was raised, scaling leasing 4cm in diameter. A fungal culture of material from the lesion was positive for fungus. The girls disease was
Dermatomycosis
34
A 12 year old boy had a fever, rash, and headaches, sore throat and cough. He also had a macular rash on his trunk, face and arms. A throat culture was negative for streptococcus pyogenes. The boy most likely has
Measles
35
Which of the following is responsible for severe birth defects if contracted during pregnancy?
Rubella
36
Which of the following are the most common causes of neonatal conjunctivitis
Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis
37
You microscopically examine scrapings from a case of Acanthamoeba keratitis. You expect to see
Eukaryotic cell
38
Stridor
Wheezing or loud breathing associated with blocked air way
39
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath
40
Consolidation
Apparent merging of the lung air sacs when fluid accumulates. Evident as opaque areas on XR
41
Bacteremia
Presence of bacteria in the blood
42
Viral respiratory infections
Common cold RSV Adenovirus Influenza SARS-CoV-2 Hantavirvus pulmonary syndrome
43
Bacterial infections
Ottis media Strep throat Scarlet fever Rheumatic fever Diphtheria Pertussis Tuberculosis Pneumonia Legionaires disease Psittacosis Q fever Tulermia
44
Rheumatica
Cause by S. Pyogenes Can cause inflammation of the joints , nervous system, heart and skin
45
Diphtheria
Caused by gram positive bacteria corynebacterium diphtheria Transmission respiratory droplets Signs and symptoms; sore throat, fever cough bull neck Can be fatal
46
Pertussis (Whooping cough)
Gram negative ; bordetella pertussis First phase Second phase: severe coughing attacks (paroxysms)
47
Tuberculosis
Caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis;acid fast rod Asymptomatic late infection that progresses to active infection cough with blood, fatigue weight loss
48
Pneumonia
Typical- high fever , chest pain, gram positive or negative , 80% cases usually from this Atypical- low fever, little to no chills, community required typically associated, XR looks worse , no culture , 20%
49
Pneumococcal pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the bacteria associated. Gram positive and diplococcus Humans to human transmission Via respiratory droplets
50
Haemophilus influenzae hib pneumonia
Haemophilus bacteria influenzae, gram negative bacteria
51
Non zoonotic illness Atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae Legionella species
52
Zoonotic illness
Psittacosis Q fever Tularemia
53
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (walking pneumonia)
Lack cell wall neither gram positive or negative Asymptomatic Symptomatic chills cough fever muscle ache
54
Chlamydophila pneumonia
Bacteria is chlamydophila pneumoniae; gram negative bacteria Sinusitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, pharyngitis
55
Legionaires disease
Legionella pneumophilia ; gram negative. Transmission aerosols Can be found in water
56
Psittacosis
Chlamydophila psittaci ; gram negative Pet shop workers, zoo employees Transmitted through bird droppings Muscle aches, stiffness and spasms of back
57
Q fever (query fever)
Coxiella burnetti; gram negative Flu like symptoms Transmission; unpasteurized milk and cheese, livestock become infected from ticks,
58
Tularemia (rabbit fever)
Francisella tularensis ; gram negative Extremely infectious zoonotic disease Airborne from hay contaminated with animal carcasses Lymph nodes can become enlarged
59
Mycoses
Infection bacterial or viral in the respiratory tract due to fungus
60
Endemic fungi vs ubiquitous fungi
Grow in specific geographical locations vs varied climates under diverse conditions and are part of normal flora. Infections only occur in immunocompromised patients
61
Fungal infections
Blastomycosis Coccidioidomycosis Histoplasmosis Aspergillus Pneumocystis pneumonia
62
Blastomycosis (Chicago disease)
Blastomyces dermatitis bacteria Non communicable Digging wood or construction (airborne) Anti fungal drugs
63
Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever)
Bacteria coccidioides immits Coccidioides posadasii Non communicable.spread with the wind
64
Histoplasmosis
Histoplasma capsulatum Airborne w dust and soil poo Bat and bird droppings
65
Invasive aspergillosis
Aspergillus species Inhalation of spores
66
Pcp pneumocystis pneumonia
Pneumocystis jirovecii Reservoir unknown Transmission asymptomatic human carriers Dry cough
67
Febrile seizures
Convulsions , twitching or shaking induced by fever
68
Congenital rubella syndrome
Condition in infants born of mothers who contract rubella while pregnant may result in blindness, deafness and heart conditions in baby
69
Skin defense mechanisms
Melanin- antimicrobial properties Persipation - acidic PH, high salt content, washes away microbes Lysozyme - enzymes present in sweat Breaks down peptodoglycan Sebum- lipis and proteins help moisture hair follicles
70
Normal microbiota of the skin you should be familiar with
Gram positive cocci - staphylococcus species Gram negative rods- pseudomonas and janthinibacterium Fungi- malassezia
71
Viral skin infections
Chickenpox and shingles Smallpox Human herpes virus 1 and 2 Measles Rubella Fifth disease Roseola Hand foot and mouth disease Warts
72
Chickenpox and shingles
Caused by varicella zoster (herpes family) Highly contagious Spread through respiratory droplets and direct contact with pox lesions
73
Chicken pox
Vesicular rash Itchy and fever Respiratory tract migrates to blood
74
Shingles
Reactivation of the virus Appears as band of blisters on one side of the body Can lead to PHN postherpetic neuralgia
75
Small pox
Respiratory droplets or touching contaminated fomites Eradicated
76
Human herpes simplex virus one
Oral herpes Produce vesicular skin lesions transmitted through saliva or contaminated fomites Becomes latent No cure or vaccine
77
Herpes gladitorum
Common in wrestlers Contact with mats or direct contact with an infected wrestler Break out on the face
78
Herpes whitlow
Occurred when virus enters fingers via abrasion common in healthcare workers
79
Maculopapular rashes
Small, slightly raised Associated with measles Rubella Rubeola Fifth disease Hand foot and mouth
80
Measles
Respiratory route spread Koplik's spots in mouth Begins in mouth spreads to trunk and capillaries Contagious without showing signs
81
Rubella; togaviridae family
RNA Enters via respiratory tract spreads to lymph nodes and to the rest of the body by blood stream
82
Fifth disease ( erythema infectious);
Slapped cheek syndrome Caused by parvovirus B19 Rash may develop on trunk and limbs
83
Roseola
Caused by herpes 6 and 7 Red rash that covers most of body Fever
84
Hand foot and mouth disease
Coxsakievirus A16 Enterovirus 71 Lesions in hands and feet
85
Warts
Itchy and hurt Papillomarvirus infection Most warts self resolve
86
Acne
Clogging of skin pores Genetics Hormone levels

Anatomy and phys. cardiovascular (27 decks)

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