Endocrine Flashcards
(50 cards)
What is Graves’ Disease?
Excess thyroid hormone; autoimmune disease
Symptoms include fine hair, muscle wasting, weight loss, exophthalmia, and tachycardia.
List symptoms of Graves’ Disease.
- Fine hair
- Muscle wasting & weight loss
- Exophthalmia
- Tachycardia
These symptoms are indicative of excess thyroid hormone production.
What is Cushing’s Disease?
Excess cortisol,
Symptoms include high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, moon face, fat pad between shoulders, thin skin and hair, and poor wound healing.
List symptoms of Cushing’s Disease.
- High blood pressure
- Abdominal obesity
- Moon face
- Fat pad between shoulders
- Thin skin and hair
- Poor wound healing
These symptoms are due to excess cortisol levels.
What is Gigantism?
Excess growth hormone during childhood
Symptoms include abnormal growth in height or size, weakness, and insomnia.
List symptoms of Gigantism.
- Abnormal growth in height or size
- Weakness
- Insomnia
Occurs before growth plates on bones have closed.
What is Pituitary Dwarfism?
Growth hormone deficiency,
Symptoms include short stature with normal body proportions and low levels of other hormones.
List symptoms of Pituitary Dwarfism.
- Short stature with normal body proportions
- Sometimes associated with lower levels of other hormones
This condition arises from insufficient growth hormone.
What is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)?
Excess melatonin,
Symptoms include low energy, feeling listless, oversleeping, and weight gain.
List symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).
- Low energy and feeling sluggish
- Feeling listless, sad, or down
- Oversleeping
- Weight gain
These symptoms are linked to seasonal changes in light exposure.
What is Diabetes Mellitus Type 1?
Insulin deficiency, autoimmune
Must be treated with insulin. Symptoms include high blood sugar, frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, and weight loss.
List symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1.
- High blood sugar
- Frequent urination
- Increased thirst
- Increased hunger
- Weight loss
These symptoms result from insufficient insulin.
What is Acromegaly?
Excess growth hormone in adulthood,
Symptoms include enlarged bones in the face, hands, and feet, headaches, and enlarged heart.
List symptoms of Acromegaly.
- Enlarged bones in face, hands, and feet
- Headaches
- Enlarged heart
This condition occurs after growth plates have closed.
What is Diabetes Insipidus?
Antidiuretic hormone deficiency,
Symptoms include large amounts of dilute urine and increased thirst.
List symptoms of Diabetes Insipidus.
- Large amounts of dilute urine
- Increased thirst
This condition affects the body’s ability to regulate water balance.
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
Cells, tissues, and organs that secrete hormones
integral role in normal bodily processes.
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
Functions in neural and endocrine signaling, producing and secreting many hormones.
How does the hypothalamus connect to the pituitary gland?
infundibulum.
What are releasing hormones?
Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulate the anterior pituitary.
What is the hypophyseal portal system?
A network of blood vessels passing through the infundibulum that enables hypothalamic hormones to travel into the anterior lobe of the pituitary.
Which cells produce prolactin?
Lactotropic cells.
Which cells are responsible for producing growth hormone?
Somatotropic cells.
What type of cells secrete thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Thyrotropic cells.
