Endocrine

Question 1

in endocrine system where is the secretion secreted

Answer 1

straight into the blood stream

Question 2

how are cells arranged in the endocrine system

Answer 2

in clumps and cords

Question 3

what kind of capillaries is the endocrine system surrounded by

Answer 3

fenestrated capillaries

Question 4

why are endocrine glands so vasculare

Answer 4

because they don’t have ducts

Question 5

what gland makes glycoprotein hormones and peptide hormones

Answer 5

hypophysis

Question 6

what 3 things does the pituritary gland influence

Answer 6

• growth
• metabolism
• reproduction

Question 7

what connects the hypothalamus and the hypophysis

Answer 7

infundibulum

Question 8

what are the large spaces in the brain called

Answer 8

ventricles

Question 9

what produces CSF

Answer 9

choroid plexus

Question 10

• thalamus
• hypothalamus
• subthalamus
• epithalamus come frmo

Answer 10

diencephalon

Question 11

what is known as the evagination of ectoderm of oropharynx

Answer 11

adenohypophysis

Question 12

what is the downward growth from the floor of diencephalon

Answer 12

neurohypophysis

Question 13

what are the three parts in the adenohypophysis

Answer 13

• pars distalis
• pars tuberalis
• pars intermedia

Question 14

what are the three parts of the neurohypopysis

Answer 14

• median eminence
• infundibulum
• pars nervosa

Question 15

what pars has glands and cysts

Answer 15

pars intermedia

Question 16

what pars is composed of glandular structures

Answer 16

pars distalis

Question 17

what pars is made of nervous tissue

Answer 17

pars nervosa

Question 18

what looks like a follicle and is the demarcation between the pars nervosa and the pars distalis

Answer 18

pars intermedia

Question 19

2 cells in the pars distalis are

Answer 19

chromophobe and chromophills

Question 20

what are the two chromophils in the pars distalis

Answer 20

• acidophis

- basophils

Question 21

which chromphiles are numerous and red and has a blue nuclei

Answer 21

acidophils

Question 22

which chromophils are less numerous and are blue staining granules

Answer 22

basophils

Question 23

what is between the clumps of chromophils

Answer 23

frenistrated capillaries, blood vessels, and thin CT fibers

Question 24

what percent of the adenophypophysis is pars distalis

Answer 24

95%

Question 25

what are the 2 things produced by acidophils

Answer 25

- somatotrophs and mammotrophs

Question 26

what is also known as the growth hormone that somatotrophs make

Answer 26

somatotropin

Question 27

what stimulates the uptake of amino acids and protein synthesis

Answer 27

GH

Question 28

what is made by mammotrophs that makes the mammary glands develop in pregnancy

Answer 28

prolactin

Question 29

another name for mammotroph is

Answer 29

lactotroph

Question 30

what are the three things in basophils

Answer 30

- thyrotrophs - gonadotrophs - corticotrpohs

Question 31

what four hormones do basophils make

Answer 31

- TSH - LH _ FSH - ACTH

Question 32

what pars has colloid filled follicles

Answer 32

pars intermedia

Question 33

the basophils in the pars intermedia make what

Answer 33

MSH | melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 34

what pars surronds the neural stalk ( infundibulum stalk )

Answer 34

pars tubueralis

Question 35

where s a multitude of unmyelinated axons and supportive cells found?

Answer 35

in the posterior pituitary gland

Question 36

what is the name of the supporting cells that are in the posterior pit.

Answer 36

pituicytes ( supporting cells in the pars nervosa

Question 37

where do the axons in the pars nervosa originate from

Answer 37

- supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

Question 38

most of the nuclei you see in the pars nervosa is form what

Answer 38

pituicytes

Question 39

what are the hormones that come from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary stored as

Answer 39

herring body

Question 40

what looks like cotton whool becuase of the numerous neuronal tissue

Answer 40

pars nervosa

Question 41

what are the glial cells in the posterior pit.

Answer 41

pituicytes

Question 42

what is one thign that is not in the neurohypophysis

Answer 42

blood vessels

Question 43

what are the 2 hormones secreted in the hypothalamus

Answer 43

ADH ( antidiuretic hormone) / vasopressin oxytocin

Question 44

what increases the permeability of the collecting tubules to water

Answer 44

ADH

Question 45

what stimulates constraction of myoepithelial cells and ejection of milk

Answer 45

oxytocin

Question 46

paraventricular nuclei produce?

Answer 46

oxytocin

Question 47

supraorbital nuclei make what

Answer 47

ADH

Question 48

herring bodies contain what

Answer 48

neurosecretory granules

Question 49

the main blood supply to adenohypophysis is from the

Answer 49

ICA | - superior hypophyseal artery

Question 50

what is the blood supply to the posterior pit

Answer 50

inferior hypophysial artery ( ICA Branch)

Question 51

high levels of GH

Answer 51

gigantism

Question 52

low levels of GH

Answer 52

dwarfism

Question 53

what can tumors ( adenomas ) do

Answer 53

compress near by structures like the optic chiasm and form blindness

Question 54

what is it called when there is excessive levels of GH after the fusion of the growth plate

Answer 54

acromegaly

Question 55

what is it when ADH secretion fro neurohypophysis is reduced, becuase there is a damage to the neuron that makes ADH

Answer 55

neurogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 56

what is the problem in neurogeneic diabetes

Answer 56

probelm wit ADH receptor

Question 57

if there is ADH in the blood what does that mean

Answer 57

nephrogenic

Question 58

if there si no ADH in the blood what does this mean

Answer 58

neurogeneic

Question 59

what is the epithelium of the follicles in the thyroid gland

Answer 59

simple cuboidal

Question 60

there is thyroglobulin where

Answer 60

colloid follicel

Question 61

thyroxine is

Answer 61

T4

Question 62

what are teh cells that produce thyroid hormones

Answer 62

follicular cells

Question 63

what are follicular when they are active

Answer 63

tall cuboidal cells

Question 64

what shape are follicualr cells when they are not active= hypothyroidism

Answer 64

squamos

Question 65

when is thyroglobulin transformed into thyroxine

Answer 65

when it is taken up by epithelial cells

Question 66

what are seen between colloid follicles

Answer 66

blood vessels

Question 67

when the epithelium of the colloid follicle is flattened what does it mean

Answer 67

it is inactive

Question 68

what is the functional state of the colloid follicle

Answer 68

the height of the epithelium

Question 69

when there is an active secretion what is the shape of the follicle

Answer 69

cuboidal or columnar

Question 70

what is the active zone of the colloid follicle called

Answer 70

parenchyma

Question 71

what are the cells that are between colloid follicules

Answer 71

parafollicular cells or C Cells

Question 72

what do parafolliuclar cells ( C cells ) do

Answer 72

they produces calcitonin and they act directly on osteoclast and stop blood desorption

Question 73

what are the large pale stained cells that are in the CT between follicles in the thyroid gland

Answer 73

parafollicular cells

Question 74

osteoclast have receptors for what

Answer 74

parafollicular cells

Question 75

calcitonin does what to blood calcium levels

Answer 75

lowers it

Question 76

epithelial cells synthesize thyroglobulin and store them as what

Answer 76

colloid follicles

Question 77

under the influence of TSH colloid gets taken up by what process

Answer 77

endocytosis

Question 78

what is thyroglobuin broken down by to make T3 and T4

Answer 78

lysosomes enzymes

Question 79

triodothyronin is

Answer 79

T3

Question 80

what do T3 and T4 do to somatic cells

Answer 80

increase metabolism of mitochondria

Question 81

the capsule of the pineal gland is formed by what

Answer 81

dura matter