Special Senses Part 1 Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
the outer fibrous layer is made of two parts, the anterior 1/6 is? and the posterior 5/6 is what
A
- cornea
- sclera
2
Q
the inner nervous part of the eye is formed by what
A
retina
3
Q
what is the sequence for the passage of light through the eye ball
A
- cornea
- anterior chamber
- pupil
- lens
- vitreous body
- retina
4
Q
what is the dense CT extension of dura mater in the eye
A
sclera
5
Q
what makes up the sclera
A
collagen type 1 fibers and elastic fibers
6
Q
what are the 3 layers of the sclera
A
- episcleral layer
- substantia propria
- suprachoroidal lamina
7
Q
what is the name for the space between the episcleral layer and the substantia propria?
A
tenon’s space
8
Q
what is the site of attachment for the ocular muscles
A
the sclera
9
Q
what helps the eye to rotate around its orbit
A
tenon’s space
10
Q
what is also known as the sclerocorneal junction
A
canal of Schlemm
11
Q
where is the aqueous humor drained into ciliary veins
A
in the canal of Schlemm
12
Q
what is the limbus
A
the corneal scleral junction
13
Q
the anterior 1/6 of the eye is the
A
cornea
14
Q
the pigmented iris is where in relation to the cornea
A
behind it
15
Q
what is the diameter of the cornea
A
11mm
16
Q
what is the thickness of the cornea
A
.5-1mm
17
Q
the cornea is avascular so there are alot of nerves here but there are no..
A
blood vessels
18
Q
where is the richest sensory nerve supply
A
the cornea
19
Q
what is the anterior corneal epithelium?
A
stratified squamos non keratinized
20
Q
on the top layer of cells in the cornea what is present
A
microvilli
21
Q
what is the thing that makes the stability and strength of the cornea
A
bowman’s membrane
22
Q
the tear film of the cornea has many microvilli and this is used for what
A
to keep the cornea moist
23
Q
what is under the bowman’s membrane in the cornea
A
the corneal stroma
24
Q
what has many collagen fibers, type 1 but also 3,4,and 5
A
the corneal stroma
25
what accounts for the transparency of the cornea
the parallel arrangement of the collagen fibers and their small diameter
26
what are the special fibtoblast in the cornea that look like buterflies
keratocytes
27
what are the 5 layers of the cornea
- anterior cornea epithelium
- bowmans membrane
- corneal stroma
- descements membrane
- corneal endothelium
28
what is the posterior limiting lamina in the cornea
descements membrane
29
what are the cell shape in the endothelium of the cornea
simple sqaumos
30
what is the middle vascular coat of the eye
uveal tract
31
what makes up the uveal tract
- choroid
- ciliary body
- iris
32
what is vascular, pigmented and made of loose CT
the uveal tract
33
what is the purpose of the pigmented cells in the uveal tract
to absorb stray rays of light
34
why do albinos not see well
because they dont have pigmented cells
35
what three things are in the layers of the choroid
loose CT
blood vessels
melanocytes
36
what are the 2 layers in the choroid
- choriocapillary layer
| - bruch's membrane
37
what is the inner portion of the choroid that forms a hyalin membrane with the pigmented epithelum of the retina
choricocapillary layer
38
what is between the choroid and the retinal pigment epithelium
bruch's membrane
39
what is the hyalin membrane between the pigmented epithelium of the retina and the choricocaillary layer called
bruch's membrane
40
what makes the ciliary body
ciliary muscle and processes
41
the stroma of the ciliary body has what
- loose CT ( elastic fibers, vessels and melanocytes)
| - ciliary muscle
42
what has a pigmented and non pigmented epithelium
ciliary body
43
what is the smooth muscle that helps with accomodation
ciliary muscle
44
what 3 things happen to the eye when the ciliary muscle is helping with accommodation
- pupil constriction
- eye will move to midline
- eye will buldge
45
what is the ligament of zin
the suspernosry ligament
46
what is important for the production of aqeuous humor
ciliary process
47
the ligament of Zin is attahced to
cilliary process
48
the outer layer of epithelium in the ciliary process is..
pigmented
49
when aqeous humor accumulates in the eye what happens
glaucoma
50
what increases the pressure in someones eye
glaucoma
51
what is the normal intraoccular pressure
10-22mmHg
52
what is the anterior extension of the choroid
iris
53
what is formed between the iris and the pupil
diaphragm
54
what markes the difference between the anterior and posterior chambers
the iris
55
what 3 things does the stroma of the iris have
- collagen
- fibroblast
- melanocytes
56
what part of the iris has stellate fibroblasts and is incomplete and fenestrated
anterior surface of the iris
57
the posterior surface of the iris has what
2 layers of epithelium
58
the inner epithelium of the posterior surface of the iris is what? the outer epithelium is what?
- pigmented
| - dialtor pupillae
59
what is the nerve supply to the dilator pupillae?
fromt he sympatheitc wing of CN III
60
what is the ciliary muscle supplied by
parasympathetic branch of CN III
61
where is the sphincter pupillae muscle
at the pupil margin
62
why will people only have partial ptosis in horner's syndrome
becuase the levatoru pupilla is still working by the tasleus muscle is inn. by the sympathetic nerve fibers that wont be working
63
what does the color of the eye depend on
the production of melanin
64
wat is the inner most tunic of the eyeball
the retina
65
what are the two parts of the retina
nervous and sensory
66
what is teh retina derivwed from
ectoderm
67
the outer layer of the reinta is what
outer retinal pigment layer ( non sensory)
68
the inner layer of the retina is what
inner sensory retina or neural layer
69
what part of the retina goes to the ciliary process and the iris ( posterior part)
neural retina
70
what are the 2 layers of the choroid
corocapillary layer
choroid proper
71
the outer half of the retina receives nutrients from where
corococapillary layer
72
what part of the retina has 10 layers
the posterior part
73
where are the cell bodies of the rods and cons located
in the outer nuclear layer
74
what layer has the retinal rods and cones and processes of horizontal and bipolar cells which synapse with them
outer plexiform layer
75
what layer contains cell bodies of amacrine, bipolar and muller cells
inner nuclear layer
76
what layer contains processes of amacrine bipolar and ganglion cells that connect to each other
inner plexiform layer
77
what layer contains cell bodies of ganglion cells
ganglion cell layer
78
what contains the ganglion cells that lead from the retina to the brain
the layer of the optic nerve
79
what layer is composed of basil lamina of muller's cells
inner limiting membrane
80
what layer is responsibile for the esterification of vitamin A and synthesizes melanin
pigment layer
81
how are the pigment cells attached to each other in the retina
by junctional complexes
82
what makes the blood retinal barrier
the pigment cells that are joined by junctional complexes
83
what do pigment cells do to the tops of the rods and cons that shed
they phagocyte them
84
without vitamin A what will happen
you wont be able to see well at nighrt
85
what part of the pigment cell is used in phagocytosis
the microvilli
86
what are the two photosensitive cells
rods and cons
87
the inner segment of the retina has
an abundance of mitochondria
88
what is the name of the pigment in rods
rhodopsin
89
rhodospin the pigment in rods is used when
at night time
90
rods and cons synapse with what
bipolar cells
91
cones are thicker and shorter then
rods
92
what is the pigment in cons
iodopsin
93
what are the major supporting cell in the retina
muller cell
94
where do the muller cells extend from
the external to the internal limiting membrane
95
what cell supports, nourishes, and insulates the retinal neurons and fibers
muller cells
96
what are the 4 other supportive cells
- bipolar
- ganglion
- horizontal
- amacrine
97
what cells estabilish contact between photoreceptors
horizontal cells
98
what cells establish contact between ganglion cells
amacrine
99
the inner half of the retina is supplied by what artery
central artery of the retina
100
what is the blind spot
the optic disc
101
what is the special part of the retina where the optic nerve emerges
the optic disk
102
why is the optic disk called the blind spot
because there are no rods and cons
103
what is the shallow depression that is 2.5 m lateral to the optic disc
fovea centralis
104
what is the yellow pigmented zone that surronds the fovea centralis
macula lutea
105
where are the cons located
in the fovea
106
what is the biconcave
lens
107
what are the 3 components of the lens
- lens capsule
- lens fibers
- subcapsular epithelium
108
what is the part of the lens that gives rise to the lens fibers
the germinal zone
109
what is the thick basement membrane that consist of collagen type 4 and glycoprotein
lens capsule
110
what is the single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells
subcapsular epithelium
111
where is the subcapsular epithelum only
on the anterior part of the lens
112
what is a group of proetin that the lens fibers are filled with
crystallines
113
what is the reduces elasticity that come with age of the lens and accomodation for near objects will be difficult
presbyopia
114
what lines the inside of the eyelids and the visibile part of the sclera
conjunctiva
115
what is the epitelium of the conjunctiva
stratified columnar
116
what does the epithelium of the conjunctva become as it gets near the cornea
squamos
117
when conjunctiva is inflamed what will the eye look like
red
118
what does the epithelium of the conjunctiva secrete
mucin
119
what is the thick connective tissue plate that forms the eyelid called
tarsal plate
120
what are the two muscles assciated with the eyelid
- orbicularis oculi
| - levator palpebrae
121
tarsalis muscle has what innervation
sympathetic
