Male Reproductive NEW

Question 1

spermatogonia are made where in the seminiferous tubules

Answer 1

the basal layer

Question 2

what stimulates leydig cells to make testosterone

Answer 2

LH

Question 3

what do sertoli cells secrete

Answer 3

FSH and inhibin

Question 4

when do interstitial cells of Leydig begin to secrete

Answer 4

during puberty

Question 5

what are round and polygonal in shape and have a very large nucleus as well as a lot of mitochondria and well developed golgi apparatus

SER and many lipis droplets

Answer 5

Leydig Cells

Question 6

what is the main gland in charge of stimulating the production of testosterone

Answer 6

pituitary gland

Question 7

what cells surrond the epithelium of seminiferous tubules

Answer 7

myeloid cells

Question 8

what is the epithelium of seminiferous tubules

Answer 8

stratified

Question 9

where are spermatozoa produced

Answer 9

seminiferous tubules

Question 10

how long are seminiferous tubules

Answer 10

30-70 cm long

150-250 um diameter

Question 11

what are the purpose of myloid cells in seminiferous tubules

Answer 11

they resemble smooth muscle and they help to squeeze

Question 12

what do seminiferous tubules become continuous with

Answer 12

tubuli recti

Question 13

what is the epithelium of tubuli recti

Answer 13

cuboidal

Question 14

tubuli recte lead to what

Answer 14

rete testis

Question 15

what are the network of epithelial-lined channels in the mediatinum of the testis

Answer 15

rete testis

Question 16

what lead from the rete testis into the epididymis

Answer 16

ductli efferentes

Question 17

what are the 2 cells in seminiferous epithelium

Answer 17

spermatogonic cells and sertoli cells

Question 18

how thick is the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules

Answer 18

4-8 cell layers thick

Question 19

what cells are columnar and extremly complex in shape and extend from the basil lamina to the lumen

Answer 19

sertoli cells

Question 20

what envelopes the developing germ cell and has irregular outlined apical and lateral plasma membrane

Answer 20

sertoli cells

Question 21

what cells have an extensive SER and Golgi

Answer 21

sertoli cells

Question 22

what has a large nucleouls and a pale nucleus

Answer 22

sertoli cells

Question 23

seroli cells form occluding junctions and this does what

Answer 23

divids the lumen of the seminifeorus tubule into a basal and an adluminal compartment

Question 24

what is responsible for establishing a blood-testis barrier

Answer 24

zonulae occludentes

Question 25

what cells phagocyte excess cytoplasm

Answer 25

sertoli cells

Question 26

sertoli cells secrete a fluid in the seminiferous tubules tht does that

Answer 26

transfers the spermatozoa to the genital ducts

Question 27

what does androgen binding protein do

Answer 27

it binds testosterone and concentrates it to permit sperm maturation

Question 28

what does inhibin do

Answer 28

inhibits release of FSH from anterior pituritary gland

Question 29

what is the other of sperm

Answer 29

- spermatogonia - primary spermatocyte - secondary spermatocyte - spermatid - spermatozoa

Question 30

spermatogenesis takes how many days

Answer 30

64

Question 31

the daughter cells of spermatogenesis remain connected to each other by intercellular bridges froming what

Answer 31

syncytium

Question 32

what may be responsibel for synchronous developemnt of germ cells along one seminiferous tubule

Answer 32

syncytium

Question 33

when is syncytium disrupted

Answer 33

at the end of spermatogenesis and the spermatozoa are released

Question 34

what are the three types of spermatogonia

Answer 34

pale type a dark typ a dark type b

Question 35

what can pale type a spermatogonia do

Answer 35

they can make more type a or differentiate into type b

Question 36

what do dark type a do

Answer 36

they can only regenerate more type a

Question 37

how many chromosomes do primary spermatocyts have

Answer 37

they are diplod 46

Question 38

what are the largest germ cells in the seminiferous epithelium

Answer 38

primary spermatocytes

Question 39

how long does prophase take

Answer 39

22 days

Question 40

what is the 1st meiotic division

Answer 40

prophase

Question 41

what does the 1st meiotic division result in

Answer 41

secondary spermatocytes

Question 42

how many chromosomes are in a secondary spermatocyte

Answer 42

23-haploid

Question 43

what is the diameter of spermatid

Answer 43

7-8 um

Question 44

the nuclei of spermatids often display what

Answer 44

condensed regions of chromatin

Question 45

what have a pair of centrioles, mitochondria, free ribosomes, SER and well developed golgi

Answer 45

spermatids

Question 46

when are acrosome and sperm tail formed

Answer 46

during spermiogenesis

Question 47

what are the 4 phases of spermiogenesis

Answer 47

golgi cap acrosome maturation

Question 48

what phase of spermiogenesis is characterized by the formation of proacrosomal granules in the golgi complex

Answer 48

golgi phase

Question 49

what do pracrosomal granules do ( golgi phase)

Answer 49

they come together to form one acrosomal granule that is inclosed in an acrosomal vesicle which will become attached to the anterior end of the nuclear envelope

Question 50

what do the centrioles do in the golgi phase

Answer 50

migrate away from nucleus to form flagellar axoneme and then retreat towards the nucleus

Question 51

what assist in forming the connecting piece associated with the tail of the sperm

Answer 51

centrioles

Question 52

what phase involves the expansion of the acromsomal vesicle over much of the nucleus to make the acrosomal cap

Answer 52

cap phase

Question 53

what phase is characterized by the nucleus becoming condensed and flatened, mitochondria aggreating around the proximal portion of the flagellum to form the middle piece and elongation of spermatid

Answer 53

acrosome phase

Question 54

by the end of the acrosome phase the spermatids are oriented how

Answer 54

with their acrosomes pointing toward the base of the ST

Question 55

what is the phase that is characterized by excess cytoplasm being discarded and the removal of the intercellular bridges and the cytoplasm being phagocyted by the sertoli cells

Answer 55

maturation phase

Question 56

when is the maturation stage completed

Answer 56

when nonmotile sperm are released ( tail first) into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule

Question 57

what does the cycle of seminiferous epithelium refer to

Answer 57

the wavelike sequence of maturation that happens in the seminiferous tubles

Question 58

one cylce is the reappearnce of what

Answer 58

identical cell associations within the epithelium

Question 59

one cycle happens how many days in humans

Answer 59

16- thats why you need four for sperm to be made (64)

Question 60

what temperature is critical for sperm

Answer 60

35 C

Question 61

the pampiniform plexus of veins that wrap around the testicular artery do what

Answer 61

function to dissipate heat and keep testis at 35 C

Question 62

when the temp is below 35 C what brings the testis close to the body wall to increase the temperature

Answer 62

cremaster muscle

Question 63

what cells are important for secondary sex characteristics

Answer 63

interstitial cells of Leydig

Question 64

what acts on sertoli cells to synthesizes androgen binding protein

Answer 64

FSH

Question 65

increased testosterone levels inhibit LH but what about when it comes to FSH

Answer 65

inhibin has to inhibit FSH ( that is made by the sertoli cells)

Question 66

what conveys the spermatozoa to the outside of the body

Answer 66

genital ducts

Question 67

where do genital ducts extend from

Answer 67

the ST to the urethra