steroid hormone synthesis & storage
synthesized from cholesterol
not stored- synthesized as they are needed
storage of peptide hormones?
secretion mechanism of peptide hormones?
stored in vesicles
elevated cAMP & Ca2+ due to a stimulus results in exocytosis
anterior pituitary hormones (7)
TSH
ACTH
GH
LH, FSH, MSH, Prolactin
which pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus via a portal vein?
anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary hormones (2)
ADH & Oxytocin
stimulation of oxytocin secretion
suckling, other baby stuff
signal for GH synthesis & release?
GHRH
direct effect of growth hormone
maintaining plasma glucose
effect of IGF release
increased somatic cell growth
direct effects of GH? (3)
increased AA uptake & incorporation into protein
decrease glucose uptake by tissues, increase in liver glucose
increased lipolysis
3 main targets of GH
adipose
liver
muscle
indirect effects of GH (4)
increased IGF secretion
increased linear long bone growth
increased protein synthesis
organ hypertrophy & hyperplasia
IGF-1 effects of GH? (2)
increased somatostatin release
decreased GH release
GHRH regulation?
inhibits its own release at the hypthalamus
GH regulation? (4)
inhibits its own secretion at the anterior pituitary
increases IGF release, which inhibits GH release from anterior pit.
increases somatostatin release, which inhibits GH
hypothalamus senses plasma glucose levels
site of thyroid hormone synthesis
site of thyroid hormone storage
synthesized in follicular cell
stored in the lumen/colloid
what modulates activity of iodide uptake
iodide trap is modulated by diet: low iodide intake, high trap activity
iodide oxidation: transporter and oxidation enzyme
transported by pendrin
oxidized by thyroid peroxidase
stimulator of thyroid hormone secretion?
TSH
negative feedback for thyroid hormone secretion (3)
hypothalamic dopamine & somatostatin
T3 downregulates TRH receptor
T3 decreases TSH synthesis
metabolic effects of thyroid hormone (4)
increased BMR
increased O2 consumption
increased body temp.
increased Na-K-ATPase pump activity
thyroid hormone cardio effects (3)
increased CO
increased ventilation
increased contractility
thyroid hormone SNS effect?
increased synthesis of B-adrenergic receptors in skeletal mm. and adipocytes
