high HCO3
metabolic alkalosis
low HCO3
metabolic acidosis
high PCO2
respiratory acidosis
low PCO2
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic acidosis
low HCO3
metabolic alkalosis
high HCO3
respiratory acidosis
high PCO2
respiratory alkalosis
low PCO2
causes of metabolic alkalosis (3)
ingestion of alkali
hyperaldosteronism
ECF volume contraction (vomiting, NG suction, diuretics)
why does ECF volume contraction cause metabolic alkalosis (2)
causes increased H+ loss via renin-AngII-aldosterone system, which stimulates Na+H+ antiporter
aldosterone stimulates H+ATPase secretion of H+
feature of saline-responsive alkalosis
hypochloremia
causes of metabolic acidosis (4)
ingestion of acids or acid-forming compounds
HCO3 loss (diarrhea)
non-volatile acid accumulation (lactic acid, etc.)
reduced renal HCO3 recovery
metabolic acidosis from diminished tubular H+ secretion
renal tubular acidoses
Type I RTA
H+ATPase activity is reduced
Type II (proximal)
Na+H+ antiporter activity is reduced
Type IV RTA
reduced formation of NH4
anion gap increases when?
conditions liberate fixed acids, which buffers the HCO3
causes of respiratory alkalosis (3)
high altitude
anxiety
hypoxemia
respiratory acidosis causes (4)
central respiratory regulation impairment
chest wall dysfunction
impaired airway mechanics
impaired gas exchange
Conn syndrome
partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
DKA
partially compensated metabolic acidosis
Contraction alkalosis (vomiting)
partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
renal failure acid/base disruption?
metabolic acidosis w/ some respiratory compensation
smoker w/ emphysema acid/base dysfunction
respiratory acidosis
what PCO2 and HCO3 would be expected of a smoker w/ emphysema
high PCO2
high HCO3
