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Physiology II > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

(58 cards)

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0
Q

paracrines (2)

A

somatostatin

histamine

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1
Q

hormones (5)

A 
gastrin
CCK
secretin
GIP
motilin
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2
Q

neurocrines (5)

A 
ACh
norepinephrine
VIP
GRP
Substance P
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3
Q

VIP functions (4)

A

relaxation of smooth muscle
increased pancreatic H2O & HCO3 secretion
increased intestinal secretions
inhibits gastrin-stimulated H+ secretion

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4
Q

Bombesin/GRP function

A

mediates vagally-stimulated gastrin release from gastric G cells

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5
Q

what mediates relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter

A

VIP

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6
Q

norepinephrine functions (3)

A

increased salivary secretions
contraction of sphincters
relaxation of smooth muscle

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7
Q

location of myenteric plexus

A

between the longitudinal & circular muscle layers

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8
Q

location of submucosal plexus

A

in the submucosal layer

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9
Q

sympathetic innervation of the salivary glands?

A

cervical ganglia

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10
Q

sympathetic innervation to the stomach?

A

celiac ganglia

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11
Q

ACh functions (3)

A

increased gastric secretions
relaxation of sphincters
contraction of smooth muscle

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12
Q

enkephalins functions (2)

A

contraction of smooth muscle

decreased intestinal secretion

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13
Q

neuropeptide Y functions (2)

A

relaxation of smooth muscle

decreases intestinal secretion

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14
Q

Substance P functions (2)

A

contraction of smooth muscle

increased salivary secretion

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15
Q

oral phase?

A

initiation of the swallowing reflex

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16
Q

pharyngeal phase?

A

breathing is inhibited

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17
Q

esophageal phase?

A

propels food through the esophagus

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18
Q

omeprazole inhibits?

A

H+/K+ pump

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19
Q

stimulator of primary peristalsis?

A

medullary swallowing center

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20
Q

gastric secretions use?

A

H+/K+ pump

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21
Q

mechanisms of gastric secretion in the parietal cell (4)

A

stimulation of CCK receptors by gastrin
stimulation of muscarinic receptors by ACh
H2 receptors by gastrin-induced histamine
H2 receptors by ACh-induced histamine

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22
Q

pepsinogen secreted by?

A

chief cells

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23
Q

mucous neck cells secrete?

Study These Flashcards
A

mucus & pepsinogen

24
factors that increase gastric emptying (3)
PNS stimulation Gastric distension Gastrin & motilin
25
factors that decrease gastric emptying (3)
SNS stimulation Secretin, CCK, GIP Enterogastric reflex (food digestion products present in duodenum)
26
cephalic phase stimulator
PNS
27
gastric phase stimulators (2)
distension | peptides, amino acids
28
increases gastric mixing & emptying (4)
PNS stimulation gastric distension gastrin & motilin
29
increases gastric emptying during migrating myoelectrical complexes (2)
gastrin | motilin
30
decreases gastric emptying & mixing (6)
``` SNS secretin CCK GIP H+ digestion products of fats & proteins ```
31
pancreatic juice at low flow rates?
bicarbonate is lowest | chloride is highest
32
as flow rate increases, pancreatic juice:
concentration of bicarb increases
33
regardless of flow rate, pancreatic juice is (2)
isotonic | Na+ & K+ are always similar to plasma
34
mediator of pancreatic cephalic phase
PNS | stimulatory phase
35
mediator of gastric phase of pancreatic secretion
``` gastric distension (vasovagal reflex) stimulatory phase ```
36
fats & protein products in the duodenum stimulate?
CCK from I cells | increased pancreatic enzyme secretion
37
H+ in the duodenum stimulates?
secretin from S cells | increased aqueous component of pancreatic juice
38
CCK effects of the gallbladder (2) & stimulation?
contraction of the gallbladder relaxation of sphincter of Oddi CCK is stimulated by ingestion of a fat-rich meal
39
increases intestinal motility (5)
``` ACh motilin CCK Substance P Enkephalins ```
40
decreases intestinal motility (5)
``` Norepi Somatostatin Secretin GIP VIP ```
41
CCK functions in pancreas, liver, & gallbladder (4)
gallbladder contraction increased pancreatic enzyme secretion relaxation of sphincter of Oddi potentiates secretin-induced stimulation of pancreatic HCO3 secretion
42
secretin functions on gallbladder, liver, and pancreas (3)
increased pancreatic HCO3 secretion increased HCO3 & H2O secretion by the liver increased bile production
43
enterogastric reflex
decreases gastric emptying when food digestion products are present in the duodenum
44
gastroileal reflex
gastric secretion or motility will increase ileal motility
45
ileocecal reflex
distension of the ileum relaxes ileocecal sphincter
46
gastrocolic reflex
distension of the stomach (after a meal) increases colonic motility results in the urge to defecate
47
defecation reflex
distention of the rectum causes a reflex relaxation of the internal anal sphincter
48
absorption of glucose & galactose (method & channel)
Na+-dependent secondary active transport | SGLT1
49
fructose absorption
facilitated diffusion
50
glucose, galactose, & fructose transport across basolateral membrane
facilitated diffusion via GLUT2
51
amino acid absorption (where & how)
in the small intestine | co-transport with sodium
52
amino acid transport across basolateral membrane
facilitated diffusion
53
dipeptide & tripeptide absorption & transport across basolateral membrane
co-transport w/ hydrogen | passively diffuse across basolateral membrane
54
fatty acid absorption
passive diffusion
55
pancreatic lipase reaction
TGs --> 2-monoglyceride & fatty acid
56
cholesterolester hydrolase products
cholesterol fatty acid glycerol
57
phospholipase A2 products
lycolecithin | fatty acid

Physiology II (4 decks)

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